宏观调控法视野下的人口问题研究

发布时间：2018-08-13 13:18

【摘要】：人口的安全与可持续发展是经济社会可持续发展的前提,不同时期我国人口问题有着不同的表现形式并呈现出不同的特征。20世纪50年代,马寅初先生即洞察到我国人口数量的急剧膨胀会给社会经济的发展带来巨大的压力。到20世纪70年代,我国开始实行计划生育政策。不可否认的是,计划生育政策在控制人口数量方面做出了巨大的贡献,但与此同时,在新的时代背景下面对人口问题的新情况,我们不得不重新审视计划生育政策。由于现行计划生育政策过度的关注人口数量问题而忽视对人口结构问题的未雨绸缪,因此,我国既要稳定来之不易的低生育率水平,又要治理日益凸显的人口结构问题。在当前及今后,从长远的眼光出发,在遵循人口自身发展规律的同时,践行“以人为本”的科学发展观,更加注重个人的生育权利,通过调节个体家庭利益来达到社会整体利益与家庭利益的均衡,具有重要的实践意义。本文在对现行计划生育政策和《人口与计划生育法》反思的同时,旨在从宏观调控法的视角,践行科学发展观,遵循“以人为本”价值观,变计划生育为优化生育。在“以人为本”的优化生育政策指导下,构建人口宏观调控法机制。本文的内容分四部分,具体内容如下：第一部分,阐述宏观调控与人口问题的关系。人口问题无疑是一个社会问题,揭开其社会问题的面纱,从深层的角度来讲,它亦是政策问题,甚至是一个政治问题。宏观调控法旨在从宏观战略的高度,以科学发展观为指导,遵循“以人为本”思想,完善与之相对应的生育、人口资源开发、人口迁移流动、社会性别平等、人口老龄化、家庭福利宏观政策体系,找到人口规模与人口结构的均衡发展点,在现在人口与未来人口间寻求发展的可持续性,以达到缓解进而基本解决人口问题的效果。第二部分,对我国目前存在的人口问题进行分析。我国目前是人口规模与人口结构问题并存。本部分将从人口规模与人口结构两方面具体分析我国人口问题的表现形式。与20世纪50年代马寅初先生洞见的人口数量问题不同,21世纪我国要面对的人口规模问题是业已庞大的人口基数以及在此基础上的低速惯性人口增长。由于我国常年对人口数量问题过度关注,缺少对人口结构问题的重视,我国人口结构问题愈演愈烈。这部分将着重从性别、年龄、家庭结构三方面呈现人口结构问题的表现与特征,以及由这些人口结构问题引发的各种社会经济问题,并分析产生人口结构问题的原因。第三部分,对现行计划生育政策与《人口与计划生育法》的反思。通过分析得出,现行计划生育政策的实行与我国现在的人口结构问题具有相关性。不可否认的是,在“以数为本”计划生育政策的指导下颁布并实行的《人口与计划生育法》也深深打上了这一特征的烙印,存在一些问题。第四部分,探讨了遵循“以人为本”思想,构建人口宏观调控法机制。在第三部分对我国现行计划生育政策和《人口与计划生育法》进行反思后,这一部分将从两大方面提出完善建议。首先,变“以数为本”的计划生育政策为“以人为本”的优化生育政策,包括优化生育政策实施的必要性与可能性、优化生育政策的统筹目标以及优化生育政策的核心内容与优势。其次,在优化生育政策的指导下,构建人口宏观调控法机制,完善《人口与计划生育法》以及与优化生育政策实施所相关的社会保障制度与财政制度。
[Abstract]:Population security and sustainable development are the preconditions of sustainable development of economy and society. Population problems in different periods have different forms and characteristics. In the 1950s, Mr. Ma Yinchu realized that the rapid expansion of population in China would bring great pressure to the development of social economy. By the 1970s, Mr. It is undeniable that the family planning policy has made tremendous contributions to the control of population, but at the same time, facing the new situation of population problems in the new era, we have to re-examine the family planning policy. Therefore, China should not only stabilize the hard-won low fertility level, but also control the increasingly prominent population structure problem. At present and in the future, starting from a long-term perspective, we should follow the law of population development and at the same time practice the scientific development concept of people-oriented. It is of great practical significance to pay more attention to individual reproductive rights and achieve the balance between social and family interests by adjusting individual family interests.
While reflecting on the current family planning policy and the Population and Family Planning Law, this paper aims at practicing the scientific outlook on development from the perspective of macro-control law, following the "people-oriented" values, transforming family planning into optimizing fertility. The content is divided into four parts, the details are as follows:
The first part elaborates the relationship between macro-control and population problem.Population problem is undoubtedly a social problem.To unveil its social problem,it is also a policy problem,even a political problem from a deep point of view.The purpose of macro-control law is to follow the "people-oriented" principle from the perspective of macro-strategy and scientific outlook on development. "Idea, improve the corresponding fertility, population resources development, population migration and mobility, gender equality, population ageing, family welfare macro-policy system, find a balanced population size and population structure development point, between the present and future population to seek sustainable development, in order to alleviate and then basically solve the population The effect of the problem.
The second part is to analyze the current population problems in our country.China is now a country where population size and population structure coexist.This part will analyze the manifestations of population problems from the aspects of population size and population structure. The problem of population size is already a huge population base and the low-speed inertial population growth based on it. Due to our country's perennial excessive attention to the problem of population size and lack of attention to the problem of population structure, the problem of population structure is becoming more and more serious. This part will focus on the three aspects of gender, age and family structure. The manifestations and characteristics of population structure problems, as well as various social and economic problems caused by these population structure problems, and the causes of population structure problems are analyzed.
The third part is a reflection on the current family planning policy and the Population and Family Planning Law. Through analysis, it is concluded that the implementation of the current family planning policy is related to the current population structure in China. Also deeply marked the mark of this feature, and there are some problems.
In the third part, after introspecting China's current family planning policy and the Population and Family Planning Law, this part will put forward suggestions from two aspects. First, change the "number-based" family planning policy to "people-oriented". Optimizing fertility policy includes the necessity and possibility of optimizing the implementation of fertility policy, the overall objective of optimizing fertility policy, and the core content and advantages of optimizing fertility policy. Secondly, under the guidance of optimizing fertility policy, we should construct the mechanism of population macro-control law, perfect the Population and Family Planning Law, and optimize the implementation of fertility policy. The relevant social security system and financial system.
【学位授予单位】：山西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：C924.24;D922.1

【参考文献】