历史时期黑河流域环境演变研究
发布时间：2018-07-20 21:05
【摘要】：黑河流域是丝绸之路河西走廊段的重要组成部分,是我国西北干旱区第二大内陆河。随着近2000年以来的强度开发和利用,出现了许多严重的生态问题,直接威胁着流域社会经济的进一步发展。探讨流域历史时期环境演变的过程、表现和原因,分析人类活动与自然环境的相互关系,对本流域的可持续发展意义重大。文章综合借鉴自然科学和人文社会科学已有的相关研究成果,利用历史文献学和历史地理学方法,在文献考证、实地考察和遥感分析的基础上对黑河流域历史时期的环境演变过程、主要表现和演变的原因进行研究。文章主要结论有:就流域的整体气候状况而言,西汉时期和唐朝中后期属于温暖湿润期,东汉时期、隋朝初期、五代十国时期及明朝前、后期属于温暖干旱期,东汉末三国时期、南北朝前期、唐朝前期及清朝初期、末期属寒冷湿润期,两晋时期、南北朝后期、隋朝后期、宋元时期、明朝中期及清朝中期属寒冷干旱期。在这样的气候黑河流域环境演变主要表现在以下方面:其一,汉代后期、唐代中后期和明清时期是典型的沙漠化时段,流域中典型的五块沙漠化绿洲民乐李寨菊花地、张掖“黑水国”、古居延绿洲、马营河、摆浪河下游、金塔东沙窝都是在这些时间段形成的。其二,黑河流域的主要自然灾害有干旱、洪涝、冰雹、霜冻、风暴、虫鼠害、地震等类型,其中以旱涝和地震最为严重。自然灾害时空分布呈现出时间上分布不均衡、不同阶段灾害的构成状况有较大差异和同一种灾害持续连年发生等特征。其三,黑河流域历史时期的城市选址与城市兴衰,都与地理环境及其演变有着密切关系,交通线路的走向也与地理环境关系密切。其四,黑河流域的气候变化还对流域内的野马、野骆驼等分布及变迁产生一定的影响,同时黑河下游古遗址出土植物的种类和数量也与气候的好坏有明显的对应关系。关于黑河流域环境演变的研究,文章从农牧业开发、水利建设,人口数量与结构等角度进行了分析。但是黑河流域环境演变的驱动机制在空间上由于人类活动的强弱不同,而表现出不同的特点:上游水环境以气候变化为主要驱动力,人类活动效应也已初步显现;中游水环境以与人类活动相关的土地利用为主要驱动力,人类活动已经完全掩盖了气候变化的影响;下游则受到气候变化和中下游人类活动共同影响,人类活动影响逐步上升为主导驱动力。
[Abstract]:The Heihe river basin is an important part of the Hexi corridor section of the silk road. It is the second inland river in the arid area of Northwest China. With the development and utilization of the intensity in recent 2000, many serious ecological problems have appeared, which directly threaten the further development of the social and economic development of the basin. The analysis of the relationship between human activities and the natural environment is of great significance to the sustainable development of this basin. The article comprehensively draws on the relevant research results of natural science and the humanities and Social Sciences, and uses historical documentation and historical geography methods to study the Heihe basin calendar on the basis of literature textual research, real survey and remote sensing analysis. The main conclusions are: the Western Han period and the middle and late Tang Dynasty belong to the warm and humid period, the Eastern Han period, the early Sui Dynasty, the Five Dynasties and the early Ming Dynasty, the late Ming Dynasty, the later period, the late Eastern Han Dynasty and the north and South period, the north and South period, the north and South period, the north and South period, the north and South period of the Eastern Han Dynasty and the north and South Dynasties. In the early period of the dynasty, the early Tang Dynasty and the early Qing Dynasty were cold and humid period, the period of two Jin Dynasties, the late Northern and Southern Dynasties, the late Sui Dynasty, the Song Yuan period, the mid Ming Dynasty and the middle Qing Dynasty were cold and dry period. In this climate, the environmental evolution of Heihe basin was mainly manifested in the following aspects: first, the late of the Han Dynasty, the late Tang and Ming and Qing Dynasties were typical sand. In the period of desertification, five typical desert oasis in the river basin are the chrysanthemum land of Minle Li Zhai, Zhangye "black water country", ancient oasis, Ma Ying River, shinsuri River, and the golden tower East Sand nest. Secondly, the main natural disasters in the Heihe basin are drought, flood, hail, frost, storm, insect rodent damage, earthquake and so on. Drought and flood and earthquake are the most serious. The spatial and temporal distribution of natural disasters is unevenly distributed in time and space, the composition of disasters in different stages and the same kind of disasters continue to occur in successive years. Thirdly, the location of cities and the rise and fall of cities in the historical period of the Heihe basin are closely related to the geographical environment and its evolution. The trend of the line is also closely related to the geographical environment. Fourthly, the climate change in the Heihe basin also has a certain influence on the distribution and changes of wild horses and wild camels in the basin. At the same time, the species and quantity of the unearthed plants of the ancient ruins of the lower reaches of Heihe are also closely related to the climate. Research on the environmental evolution of the Heihe Basin The paper analyzes the development of agriculture and animal husbandry, water conservancy construction, population quantity and structure. But the driving mechanism of environmental evolution in Heihe basin is different in space because of the strength and weakness of human activities, and shows different characteristics: the upstream water environment is the main driving force of climate change, and the human activity effect has also been preliminarily shown; the water is in the middle of the water. Land use related to human activities is the main driving force. Human activities have completely covered the effects of climate change; the downstream is influenced by climate change and human activities in the middle and lower reaches, and the influence of human activities is gradually rising to the leading driving force.
【学位授予单位】：兰州大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K928.6
，
本文编号：2134773
[Abstract]:The Heihe river basin is an important part of the Hexi corridor section of the silk road. It is the second inland river in the arid area of Northwest China. With the development and utilization of the intensity in recent 2000, many serious ecological problems have appeared, which directly threaten the further development of the social and economic development of the basin. The analysis of the relationship between human activities and the natural environment is of great significance to the sustainable development of this basin. The article comprehensively draws on the relevant research results of natural science and the humanities and Social Sciences, and uses historical documentation and historical geography methods to study the Heihe basin calendar on the basis of literature textual research, real survey and remote sensing analysis. The main conclusions are: the Western Han period and the middle and late Tang Dynasty belong to the warm and humid period, the Eastern Han period, the early Sui Dynasty, the Five Dynasties and the early Ming Dynasty, the late Ming Dynasty, the later period, the late Eastern Han Dynasty and the north and South period, the north and South period, the north and South period, the north and South period, the north and South period of the Eastern Han Dynasty and the north and South Dynasties. In the early period of the dynasty, the early Tang Dynasty and the early Qing Dynasty were cold and humid period, the period of two Jin Dynasties, the late Northern and Southern Dynasties, the late Sui Dynasty, the Song Yuan period, the mid Ming Dynasty and the middle Qing Dynasty were cold and dry period. In this climate, the environmental evolution of Heihe basin was mainly manifested in the following aspects: first, the late of the Han Dynasty, the late Tang and Ming and Qing Dynasties were typical sand. In the period of desertification, five typical desert oasis in the river basin are the chrysanthemum land of Minle Li Zhai, Zhangye "black water country", ancient oasis, Ma Ying River, shinsuri River, and the golden tower East Sand nest. Secondly, the main natural disasters in the Heihe basin are drought, flood, hail, frost, storm, insect rodent damage, earthquake and so on. Drought and flood and earthquake are the most serious. The spatial and temporal distribution of natural disasters is unevenly distributed in time and space, the composition of disasters in different stages and the same kind of disasters continue to occur in successive years. Thirdly, the location of cities and the rise and fall of cities in the historical period of the Heihe basin are closely related to the geographical environment and its evolution. The trend of the line is also closely related to the geographical environment. Fourthly, the climate change in the Heihe basin also has a certain influence on the distribution and changes of wild horses and wild camels in the basin. At the same time, the species and quantity of the unearthed plants of the ancient ruins of the lower reaches of Heihe are also closely related to the climate. Research on the environmental evolution of the Heihe Basin The paper analyzes the development of agriculture and animal husbandry, water conservancy construction, population quantity and structure. But the driving mechanism of environmental evolution in Heihe basin is different in space because of the strength and weakness of human activities, and shows different characteristics: the upstream water environment is the main driving force of climate change, and the human activity effect has also been preliminarily shown; the water is in the middle of the water. Land use related to human activities is the main driving force. Human activities have completely covered the effects of climate change; the downstream is influenced by climate change and human activities in the middle and lower reaches, and the influence of human activities is gradually rising to the leading driving force.
【学位授予单位】：兰州大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K928.6
，
本文编号：2134773
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