方中达与植物病害研究

发布时间：2018-01-19 02:34

本文关键词： 方中达植物病理学农业教育　出处：《南京农业大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：方中达(1916.05-1999.12),江苏常州武进人,我国著名的植物病理学家,中国植物细菌病害学的主要奠基人,其一生钻研于学术研究,为中国植物病害研究的发展做出了卓越的贡献。以方中达及其在植物病害方面的研究作为本文的研究对象,一方面可以了解其学习和科研经历,总结其成功的因素;另一方面也可以充分认识中国植物病害研究的历史背景和发展轨迹。这对于中国生物学研究、植病科学的发展具有重要的学术价值和现实意义。在学术研究上,方中达教授博闻强识、涉猎广泛,在植物病理学各分支学科上都有深厚的造诣,曾发表了 200多篇论文,出版了 4本学术专著,取得了丰富的研究成果。尤其是他在水稻白叶枯病的研究上成就斐然,研究范围涉及病菌生理学、菌系分化、水稻品种抗病性鉴定以及抗病机理等。此外,在大白菜软腐病、细菌性青枯病、水稻细菌性茎腐病的病菌检测方法和侵染途径上他都取得了突破性研究成果。在线虫病害方面,他同样做出了巨大的贡献。1982年到1983年,他在研究线虫病害的防治时,发现引起南京中山陵地区松树大规模死亡的"植物杀手"是从美国传入的松萎线虫。对此,他首次在国内针对该种线虫作了专题报告,并对清除这种病害提出了行之有效的方法,挽救了陵园内大量珍贵的松树,将损失降到了最小;在真菌病害方面,他对棉花防萎病菌的致病力作了大量研究,取得显著成果;在病毒病害方面,他另辟蹊径,在豆科植物的病毒病害研究上找到了新的突破口。方中达为南京农业大学植物病理学科的发展打下了良好的基础。现代植物病理学是由西方传入中国的,经历了一个从无到有的过程,这其中方中达起了关键的作用。他留学美国,把西方先进的植病技术带回国内,扎扎实实建设南农的植病科学,付出了很多心血,最终使之达到国内一流水平,近年来已有逐渐赶超国际水平的趋势。为了植病研究后继有人,方中达带出了一流的硕士和博士科研队伍,培养了大批植病人才。针对学生不同的基础,他为本科生、硕士生和博士生量身设置了不同的课程和研究课题。方中达在从事植物病理学教育的时候,不局限于南农,而且还重视整个中国的农业教育。他针对中国国情,组织南农的优秀教师编写了《普通植物病理学》和《植病研究方法》两套权威教材,广受植病同行的赞赏,成为各高校相关专业的重要教科书与参考资料,为我国植病学科奠定了雄厚的理论基础。方中达的成功不仅与家庭和学校的栽培、个人的不懈奋斗分不开,更是因为其心中强大的时代责任感,激励他不断向前。
[Abstract]:Fang Zhongda (1916.05-1999.12), native of Wujin, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, is a famous pathologist in China and the main founder of Chinese plant bacterial diseases. Fangzhongda and its research on plant diseases as the research object of this paper, on the one hand, can understand its learning and research experience. Summarize the factors of its success; On the other hand, we can also fully understand the historical background and development track of plant disease research in China, which has important academic value and practical significance for Chinese biological research and the development of plant disease science. Professor Fang Zhonda has extensive knowledge and extensive knowledge. He has profound attainments in various branches of plant pathology. He has published more than 200 papers and published four monographs. In particular, he has made great achievements in the research of bacterial blight in rice, including pathogen physiology, strain differentiation, identification of resistance to disease of rice varieties and mechanism of disease resistance. He has made breakthrough research on soft rot of Chinese cabbage bacterial wilt and bacterial stem rot of rice. He also made a huge contribution. From 1982 to 1983, he was studying the prevention and cure of nematode disease. The "plant killer" who caused the mass death of pine trees in Zhongshan Mausoleum, Nanjing, was found to be a pine wilt nematode introduced from the United States. For this reason, he made a special report on the nematodes for the first time in China. An effective method was put forward to eliminate this disease, which saved a large number of precious pine trees in the mausoleum and reduced the loss to the minimum. In the aspect of fungal diseases, he made a lot of research on the pathogenicity of cotton anti-wilting pathogen, and achieved remarkable results. He took a different approach to viral disease. Fangzhongda has laid a good foundation for the development of plant pathology in Nanjing Agricultural University. Modern plant pathology was introduced into China from the West. He went through a process from scratch to existence, in which Fang Zhongda played a key role. He studied in the United States, brought home the advanced technology of planting disease in the West, and did a lot of painstaking work to build the science of planting disease in Nannong in a down-to-earth manner. Finally, it reached the domestic first-class level, in recent years has gradually exceeded the international level trend. In order to plant disease research successor, Fang Zhongda brought out the first-class master's and doctoral research team. He has trained a large number of plant patients. He has set up different courses and research projects for undergraduate, master and doctoral students on different bases. Fang Zhongda was engaged in plant pathology education. Not limited to Nannong, but also attached importance to agricultural education throughout China, he organized the excellent teachers of Nannong to compile two sets of authoritative textbooks, General Plant Pathology and Research methods of planting Diseases. Widely appreciated by the disease industry, become an important textbook and reference materials for the relevant majors in colleges and universities, laid a solid theoretical foundation for the subject of planting disease in China. Fang Zhonda's success is not only related to the family and school cultivation. Individual unremitting struggle cannot be separated, but also because of his strong sense of responsibility in the times, inspired him to move forward.
【学位授予单位】：南京农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S432;K826.3

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