刑事被害人国家救济制度研究

发布时间：2018-01-10 01:10

  本文关键词：刑事被害人国家救济制度研究　出处：《广西师范大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

  更多相关文章： 刑事被害人 救济 补偿 人权 和谐

【摘要】：2012年立法者们将“尊重和保障人权”写入了刑事诉讼法,犯罪嫌疑人、被告人将会是这一重大修改的真实受益者。这次修改使刑事诉讼法进一步扩大了对犯罪嫌疑人、被告人的法律援助范围,其确定的证据制度、辩护制度以及申诉救济等都体现出对犯罪嫌疑人、被告人合法权益的充分保障。但刑事被害人的赔偿问题仍然停留在原有的层面上,没有更多的突破。刑事被害人的人权同样需要得到尊重和保障,可是现行的刑事诉讼法对于刑事被害人而言,却没能担负起这么多的保障职责。这让我们很直观地感受到似乎犯罪嫌疑人、被告人与刑事被害人的人权出现了严重的不平等现象。如果仅仅是看上去不平等,但对国家的发展,对社会的和谐稳定没有实质性的损害,那倒也不是当前应迫切解决的问题。可现实是我国每年有超过400万件的刑事案件,其中有将近一半的刑事被害人在遭受犯罪侵害后,得不到或者不完全得到被告人的赔偿,从而造成这些刑事被害人及其家庭的生活陷入困境。二次伤害极大地刺激刑事被害人及其家人,使其怒视和仇恨社会,进而对社会制造出新的报复性的危害甚至是犯罪。这影响到社会的和谐稳定和国家的发展,因此刑事被害人救济越来越受到各界的关注,理论界开始对此问题进行深入研究探讨,2007年全国人大代表提出制定《刑事被害人救助制度》的提案,2008年以来,我国各地都积极地开展刑事被害人救助工作。随着国家经济的发展,文明的进步,社会稳定的需要,刑事被害人国家救济制度的建立和实施成为未来发展的趋势。因此笔者想通过本文对今后在我国如何构建刑事被害人国家救济制度进行探讨。 本文以国际刑事被害人救济实践,国内刑事被害人救济不到位导致的困境为背景,提出制定并实施刑事被害人国家救济制度有完整国家职责、维护社会稳定、平衡人权保障的必要性和政策方面、法律方面、实践方面的可行性。以进一步完善国家保护国民的职责,进一步平衡刑事诉讼中犯罪嫌疑人、被告人与被害人的人权保障,进一步维护社会和谐稳定的角度为出发点,采取理论研究和实证研究相结合的科学研究方法,将境外国家和地区的刑事被害人救济的立法和实践与我国的刑事被害人救助实践成果相融合,结合我国实际情况,从刑事被害人补偿的对象、条件,补偿标准以及补偿资金的来源等几方面,提出在我国建立刑事被害人国家救济制度,尤其是刑事被害人国家补偿制度的具体构想。
[Abstract]:In 2012, lawmakers wrote "respect and protect human rights" in the criminal procedure law, suspects. The defendant will be the real beneficiary of this major amendment. The amendment will further expand the scope of legal aid for suspects and defendants and the established evidentiary system. The defense system and the appeal relief all reflect the full protection of the legal rights and interests of the criminal suspects and defendants, but the compensation of the criminal victims remains at the original level. No more breakthrough. The human rights of criminal victims also need to be respected and guaranteed, but the current criminal procedure law for criminal victims. It makes us feel very intuitively that the human rights of the suspect, the accused and the criminal victim appear to be seriously unequal. However, the development of the country, the social harmony and stability has no substantial damage, that is not the urgent problem that should be solved. But the reality is that there are more than 4 million criminal cases every year in our country. Among them, nearly half of the criminal victims can not get or not get the compensation of the accused after being violated by the crime. As a result, the lives of these criminal victims and their families are in a difficult situation. Second injuries greatly stimulate the criminal victims and their families, make them angry and hate society. And then to the society to create a new revenge harm or even crime, which affects the social harmony and stability and the development of the country, so the criminal victim relief is more and more concerned by all walks of life. In 2007, the NPC deputies put forward a proposal to formulate the "Criminal victim Relief system" since 2008. With the development of national economy, the progress of civilization and the need of social stability, criminal victim relief work has been carried out actively in all parts of our country. The establishment and implementation of the national relief system for criminal victims will become the trend of future development, so the author would like to discuss how to construct the national relief system for criminal victims in China in the future. Based on the international criminal victim relief practice and the predicament caused by the domestic criminal victim relief, this paper proposes that the establishment and implementation of the criminal victim national relief system has a complete national responsibility to maintain social stability. Balance the necessity of human rights protection and the feasibility of law and practice in order to further improve the responsibility of national protection and further balance the criminal suspects in criminal proceedings. The protection of human rights between the accused and the victims, and the further maintenance of social harmony and stability as the starting point, the scientific research method combining theoretical research and empirical research is adopted. Combining the legislation and practice of criminal victim relief in foreign countries and regions with the practical achievements of criminal victim relief in our country, combining the actual situation of our country, the object and condition of criminal victim compensation are analyzed. In this paper, the author puts forward the concrete idea of establishing the national relief system for criminal victims in China, especially the national compensation system for criminal victims in several aspects, such as the standard of compensation and the source of compensation funds.
【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D925.2
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本文编号：1403257