农民工市民化背景下的中国户籍制度变迁研究

发布时间：2018-02-12 00:43

本文关键词： 农民工市民化户籍制度改革　出处：《河南大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：中国当前正在向全面实现现代化的目标前进,从发达国家的经验来看,农村人口进入城市,适应城市生活,最终完成向市民的转化,是国家全面实现现代化的一个明显标志。当前广大农村人口活跃在各大城市当中,从事着建设城市的各类工作,但其各项基本权益,如教育、医疗、养老等都无法实现与务工地的市民相同的待遇,市民化道路步履维艰。造成这种局面的根源是具有中国特色的户籍制度使社会结构长期被二元分割,农业户口与非农业户口分别代表了不同的权益归属。户籍制度是横亘在农民工与市民之间的人为藩篱。新中国的户籍制度从产生到今天历经了长期复杂的变革。建国之初,户籍制度主要是为摸清全国人口状况,着力恢复被战乱影响的国民经济服务。这一时期的户籍制度履行着其单纯的本源功能——人口登记和数据统计,城乡、城市之间的人员流动不受限制。但随后由于国家优先发展重工业的需要,再根据当时的社会发展水平,城市能够容纳的人口十分有限,从农村来的流动人口不得已被国家指定的新的户籍政策所驱赶。城市市民的基本生活供应优先得到保障,农民被固定在土地上进行农业生产,国家再根据工农业价格“剪刀差”来提取工业发展的资金。在这种界限分明的户籍制度中,各种社会福利如就业、住房、医疗等与户籍就粘合在了一起,计划经济背景下的二元户籍制度从此站稳脚跟。随着改革开放的到来,国家政治、经济、文化各领域都逐渐全面参与到以市场为主导的竞争中去。“农民工”群体的发展壮大就是市场合理配置劳动力资源的结果。但是根深蒂固的城乡二元户籍屏障使得劳动力的流动受到各种限制,使他们成为长期为城市服务却无法被城市真正接纳的尴尬群体。这种有违市场化发展规律的现象既损害着农民工的利益,又阻碍着我国城市化、现代化事业的发展。近年来针对农民工市民化的问题,各城市在积极应对户籍制度的改革。一直以来户改的艰辛主要因为我国经济的发展还不足以支撑建立一个全面的、完善的、惠及所有群体的社会保障网络。逐步实现城乡间、城市间均衡的资源供给和协调联动,使“几家独大”逐渐走向“全面撒网”,需要国家下大力气统筹兼顾,各个城市拧成一股绳,避免产生各干各的,一些城市大刀阔斧一些城市还是按兵不动的局面。经过一段时间的发展,基本能够实现资源和利益在全国范围内、各个群体间重新分配后,户籍制度改革的任务也就能基本完成。恢复户籍单纯的管理人口数据、统计备案的功能,最终实现人口的自由迁徙是户籍制度改革的远期目标。
[Abstract]:At present, China is advancing towards the goal of comprehensively realizing modernization. From the experience of developed countries, the rural population enters the city, adapts to urban life, and finally completes the transformation to the citizens. It is an obvious symbol of the country's overall modernization. At present, the vast rural population is active in major cities and is engaged in all kinds of urban construction work, but its basic rights and interests, such as education and medical treatment, Pension and other people are unable to achieve the same treatment as the citizens of working places, and the road to citizenship is difficult. The root cause of this situation is that the household registration system with Chinese characteristics has caused the social structure to be dualized for a long time. Agricultural household registration and non-agricultural household registration represent different rights and interests respectively. The household registration system is an artificial barrier between migrant workers and citizens. The household registration system in New China has undergone a long and complicated transformation from its emergence to today. At the beginning of the founding of the people's Republic of China, The household registration system is mainly for the purpose of finding out the national population situation and making efforts to restore the national economy affected by the war. During this period, the household registration system performed its purely original functions-population registration and data statistics, urban and rural areas, There are no restrictions on the movement of people between cities. But then, due to the need of the country to give priority to the development of heavy industry, and depending on the level of social development at that time, the population that the city can accommodate is very limited. The floating population from rural areas has had to be driven away by the new household registration policy designated by the state. The basic living supplies of urban residents are guaranteed first, and farmers are fixed on the land for agricultural production. The state then draws funds for industrial development according to the "scissors difference" in industrial and agricultural prices. In this well-defined household registration system, various social benefits, such as employment, housing, medical care, and so on, are glued together with household registration. Under the background of planned economy, the dual household registration system has since taken a firm foothold. With the advent of reform and opening up, national politics and economy, All fields of culture are gradually participating in the market-oriented competition. The development and growth of the "migrant workers" group is the result of the rational allocation of labor resources in the market. But the deep-rooted dual household registration barrier between urban and rural areas makes it possible. The movement of labour is subject to various restrictions, It makes them become an awkward group which serves the city for a long time but cannot be accepted by the city for a long time. This phenomenon is not only harmful to the interests of migrant workers, but also hinders the urbanization of our country, which is contrary to the law of market-oriented development. The development of modernization. In recent years, in response to the problem of the urbanization of migrant workers, cities have been actively responding to the reform of the household registration system. The hardship of household reform has been mainly due to the fact that the economic development of our country is not enough to support the establishment of a comprehensive one. A perfect social security network that benefits all groups. Gradually realizing a balanced supply and coordination of resources between urban and rural areas and between cities, so that "several independent powers" gradually move towards "comprehensive casting of nets," which requires the state to make great efforts to make overall plans. Each city is twisted into a rope to avoid creating a situation in which each city does its own thing, and some cities are still standing still. After a period of development, resources and interests can basically be realized throughout the country. After the redistribution among different groups, the task of household registration system reform can be basically completed. The long-term goal of the reform of household registration system is to restore the simple management of population data, to record statistics and to realize the free migration of population.
【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D631.42

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