深圳市清洁工在职贫穷状况及对策研究

发布时间：2018-02-12 12:48

本文关键词： 在职贫穷贫穷线非工业化　出处：《深圳大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在职贫穷是贫穷问题中所出现的新现象,它指的是一个人或家庭虽然有工作但其收入水平仍低于特定的贫穷线。在海外发达国家和地区,在职贫穷通常被视为是近几十年以来全球化和非工业化(deindustrialization)造成的问题。在全球范围内,福利主义政策逐渐被新自由主义政策所取代,大量工厂转移到新兴经济体,许多工人失业或只能从事低工资、低技术、低福利的服务业岗位;一些国家没有最低工资立法,服务业劳工的收入没有保障;福利开支的缩减,导致社会福利服务的萎缩,对基层工人家庭的支援减少,导致贫穷问题恶化。清洁工是典型的低工资、低技术的服务工作,在海外也是在职贫穷情况较严重的行业。清洁工在我国虽然被称为“城市的美容师”,但这美化的名称可能会掩盖了他们有工作但仍然陷于贫穷的事实。深圳市现在正处于非工业化的阶段,第三产业占年生产总值的百分比已经突破百分之六十。那么像清洁工这样的低端服务业工人会否陷入在职贫穷呢?作者通过对深圳市清洁工群体展开就业与收入、生活状况调查与分析,发现深圳市清洁工群体的在职贫穷情况比较严重,其相对贫穷率达到近三成。然后,笔者通过对数据和访谈的分析,找出导致深圳市清洁工在职贫穷的成因。其一是源于清洁工群体的“低收入”与“需抚养家庭成员较多”;其二是源自于雇主对清洁工的不公义行为,包括薪酬、福利、工作时间的剥削。在分析深圳市清洁工群体在职贫穷的成因后,笔者提出了三点建议。其一,建议政府需要适时检讨最低工资标准,逐步提高最低工资标准占职工平均工资的比例;其二,通过研究和推行“低收入在职家庭补贴”计划,帮助处于贫穷之中的清洁工家庭提升收入,舒缓其困难;其三,政府应采取措施保障清洁工的社保缴纳、加班工作补偿,帮助清洁工群体建立工会,让他们能维护自身权益,同时亦应该对违规清洁公司进行重罚。
[Abstract]:Working poverty is a new phenomenon in the context of poverty. It refers to a person or a family whose income level is still below a specific poverty line despite having a job... in developed countries and regions abroad, Working poverty is often seen as a problem caused by globalization and deindustrialization in recent decades. Globally, welfarist policies have been gradually replaced by neoliberal policies, with a large number of factories moving to emerging economies. Many workers are unemployed or can only engage in low-wage, low-skilled, low-benefit service jobs; in some countries, there is no minimum wage legislation, and the income of workers in the service sector is insecure; and the reduction in welfare expenditure has led to the contraction of social welfare services. Reduced support for grass-roots workers' families has exacerbated poverty. Cleaners are typically low-paid, low-skilled service jobs. Cleaners are called "city beauticians" in our country, but the name of beautification may cover up the fact that they have jobs but are still in poverty. At the stage of de-industrialization, The tertiary sector as a percentage of GDP has topped 60%. Will low-end service workers like cleaners fall into working poverty? By investigating and analyzing the employment, income and living conditions of the cleaners in Shenzhen, the author finds that the working poverty of the cleaners in Shenzhen is serious, and the relative poverty rate is nearly 30%. Through the analysis of data and interviews, Identify the causes of working poverty among cleaners in Shenzhen. One is "low income" and "more dependent family members" from the cleaners group; the other is the unfair behavior of employers towards cleaners, including pay and benefits. After analyzing the causes of working poverty among cleaners in Shenzhen, the author puts forward three suggestions. First, it is suggested that the government should review the minimum wage in due course. Step by step, raise the minimum wage as a proportion of the average worker's wage; second, help cleaners in poverty raise their income and ease their difficulties by studying and implementing a "low-income working family subsidy" program. The government should take measures to safeguard social security payments for cleaners, compensate for overtime work, help cleaners set up trade unions so that they can defend their rights and interests, and impose heavy penalties on illegal cleaning companies.
【学位授予单位】：深圳大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D412.6

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