黑龙江省农村失地妇女就业保障研究

发布时间：2018-03-08 01:36

本文选题：黑龙江省　切入点：失地农民　出处：《哈尔滨商业大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：黑龙江省是农业产粮大省,农村人口占总人口的42%,农业占据经济发展的主导地位,长期以来土地收入是农民家庭经济的主要来源之一,是农村妇女就业权和生存权实现的保障。随着黑龙江省农村剩余劳动力转移就业政策的稳步推进实施,农村城市化进程的加快,越来越多的农村人口失去土地,面临着由"农民身份"向"城市身份"转变的边缘地带,许多学者把这些处于身份转变的人群称为"失地农民",他们的出现迫使越来越多的农村家庭女性进入劳动市场,寻求就业。本文以"黑龙江省农村失地妇女"为研究对象,利用现有文献资料及借鉴其他学者研究的分析结果,对失地农民及失地妇女进行概念界定;文章分为五个章节主要采用文献研究与对比分析相结合的研究方法,运用妇女产权贫困理论、公平理论、妇女人权理论对黑龙江省农村失地妇女就业保障现状及存在的问题进行阐述;现阶段农村失地妇女在性别方面:与男性失地农民相比,她们的年龄普遍相对偏高、受教育文化程度相对较低,导致她们在就业过程出现就业范围狭窄、层次较低、经济来源单一等问题;在劳动力市场方面:她们在劳动力市场竞争中会受到自身综合素质不高,普遍缺乏专业劳动技能的限制,使她们更容易陷入就业危机。从政府、社会、个人三方面究其原因,政府层面:就业安置方式、公共服务机制、就业和社会保障制度的不完善;社会层面:传统性别偏见、劳动力市场信息的不对称、中介服务组织的不健全;个人层面:文化程度及劳动技能的缺失、就业意识及维权意识的薄弱对黑龙江省农村失地妇女的就业保障产生了影响。通过对国外土地征用制度和国外失地妇女就业保障的经验借鉴并针对以上三方面因素存在的问题提出相应科学合理地解决对策和建议。自1995年"男女平等"基本国策的颁布实施,农村妇女地位不断的提高,2017年1月黑龙江省政府工作报告中指出:"继续推动妇女儿童、老龄和残疾人事业发展."农村失地妇女权益成为政府及许多专家学者关注的焦点。农村失地妇女作为社会成员的重要组成部分,她们在经济发展和现代化建设的过程中做出了牺牲,政府给予他们相应的就业保障和经济补偿不仅是社会保障制度的内在要求,更是促进农村经济发展,维护社会秩序及稳定的需要。
[Abstract]:Heilongjiang province is the major grain producing province agriculture, the rural population accounts for 42% of the total population, the agriculture occupies dominant position of economic development for a long time, the land revenue is one of the main sources of peasant family economy, employment rights and survival rights of rural women to achieve protection. With the steady progress of employment policy in Heilongjiang province rural surplus labor transfer implementation. The process of speeding up the rural city, more and more of the rural population lost land, faced with the transformation from "farmer identity" to "city identity" of the edge, many scholars put these in the transformation of identity group called "landless peasants", they appear more and more rural families forced women to enter the labor market, seeking employment. This paper takes "rural women" landless Heilongjiang Province as the research object, based on the analysis result of the existing literature and reference research of other scholars, the landless peasants and landless women Definition; the article is divided into five chapters mainly adopts the research method of combining literature research and comparative analysis, the use of women's property rights poverty theory, equity theory, women's human rights theory elaborated on rural landless women employment in Heilongjiang province to protect the current situation and existing problems of rural landless women; at the present stage: compared with the male gender landless peasants, their age is generally relatively high, the level of education is relatively low, leading them in the course of employment employment scope is narrow, low level, single source of economic problems; in the labor market: they will be their own comprehensive quality is not high in the labor market competition, lack of professional skills limit that makes them more vulnerable to the employment crisis. From the government, society, individual three aspects of the reason, the government level: employment mode, public service mechanism, Employment and social security system is not perfect; the social level: traditional gender bias, asymmetric information in labor market, intermediary service organization is not perfect; the individual level: lack of skill education and labor, employment consciousness and rights consciousness weak of landless women in Heilongjiang province rural employment guarantee by the foreign influence. The land requisition system and the protection of overseas employment of landless women experience and the existence of the above three factors scientific problems and puts forward the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions. Since 1995 the "equality" the promulgation and implementation of the basic national policy, and continuously improve the status of rural women in Heilongjiang Province, pointed out that in January 2017 the government work report: "continue to promote women and children the cause of aging, and the disabled." rural landless women's rights has become the focus of attention of the government and many experts and scholars of the rural landless women. As an important part of the social members, they made sacrifices in the process of economic development and modernization, the government give them employment security and the corresponding economic compensation is not only the inherent requirement of the social security system, it is to promote rural economic development, maintaining social order and stability.

【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨商业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D669.68

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