宁夏生态移民政策感知研究

发布时间：2018-04-17 07:42

本文选题：政策感知 + 生态移民　；参考：《宁夏大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：生态移民是一项庞大的系统工程,政府政策是生态移民工程的重要保障。与移民利益相关的政策纷繁复杂,移民对政策的感知是移民对政策满意度的基础,是政府开展各项工作的前提,也是政务公开透明的重要内容之一,论文首先对2000年—2015年的生态移民政策进行了归纳和分析,从政策类型、政策数量以及不同时期的政策特点对生态移民政策进行梳理,并对“十二五”时期的移民政策进行了解析。其次,分析了政策在经济和社会生活方面给移民带来的变化。最后通过参与式农村评估法调查移民对政策的感知状况,从移民个体、社会、政府三个方面分析影响移民政策感知的因素,并提出提升移民政策感知的建议。研究结果表明:(1)生态移民政策数量、政策类型以及政策发文部门均逐渐增加,政策的主题更加完善。各时期的政策也呈现不同的特点:“十五”时期政策注重基础设置建设、忽视移民的后续发展;“十一五”时期政策涉及面更广;“十二五”时期政策注重政府部门间的合作,政策的协同性增强。(2)与生态移民相关的一系列政策对移民的经济状况和生活状况均产生了重要的影响。在经济上,大多数移民的家庭收入均有不同程度的增长,仅有部分移民搬迁后适应能力较差,家庭收入有所下降;移民的生计方式由种养殖为主转向务工为主,家庭收入结构也随之发生变化,家庭非农收入有所增加,但增幅不大;家庭消费总支出明显增加,且增幅较大,同时消费结构发生明显变化。社会生活方面,移民的居住环境得到很大改善,基础设施更加完善,但部分移民家庭多代同住问题严重;移民的社区参与积极性不高,主要表现为“无意参与”与“无路参与”;移民搬迁后闲暇时间增加。(3)总体来看,移民对政策的感知度较低,对于不同类型政策的感知也有所不同。移民对于不同政策类型的感知强度明显不同,移民对土地政策感知社保政策感知住房政策感知教育培训政策感知户籍政策感知信贷政策感知财税政策感知产业政策感知。移民对基本生存型政策(如土地政策、社保政策、住房政策)的感知度比发展型政策(产业政策、财税政策、信贷政策)的感知度高。(4)宁夏生态移民政策感知影响因素中,个体因素方面性别、年龄、文化程度对移民的政策感知均有一定程度的影响,移民的政策感知水平在民族之间并无差异。社会因素方面,区域经济水平越高移民的政策感知水平相应就高,交通、地理位置等区位因素对移民的政策感知也存在较大影响,不同安置模式对移民政策感知也有一定程度的影响。同时,政府的政策传播方式和政策实施方式不当也是造成移民政策感知水平低的主要因素。
[Abstract]:Ecological migration is a huge systematic project, and government policy is an important guarantee of ecological migration project.The policies related to the interests of immigrants are numerous and complicated. The perception of policies is the basis for the satisfaction of immigrants to the policies, the premise for the government to carry out all kinds of work, and also one of the important contents of open and transparent government affairs.First of all, the paper summarizes and analyzes the ecological migration policy from 2000 to 2015, and combs the ecological migration policy from the policy type, the policy quantity and the policy characteristics of different periods.It also analyzes the immigration policy in the period of the Twelfth five-year Plan.Secondly, it analyzes the economic and social changes brought about by the policy.Finally, through the participatory rural assessment method to investigate the policy perception of immigrants, from the individual, social, government analysis of the impact of immigration policy perception of the factors, and put forward suggestions to improve the policy perception of immigration.The results show that the number of ecological immigration policies, the types of policies and the policy publishing departments are gradually increasing, and the theme of the policy is more perfect.The policies of each period also show different characteristics: during the 10th Five-Year Plan, the policy pays attention to the construction of infrastructure, neglecting the subsequent development of immigrants; the policy of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan covers a wider range; the policy of the twelfth five-year plan focuses on the cooperation between government departments.A series of policies related to ecological migration have an important impact on the economic and living conditions of migrants.Economically, most immigrants' family income has increased to varying degrees, only some of them have poor adaptability after relocation, and family income has declined, and the livelihood of immigrants has changed from seed farming to migrant workers.The structure of household income also changed, the non-farm income increased, but the increase was not obvious; the total expenditure of household consumption increased significantly, and the consumption structure changed obviously at the same time.In terms of social life, the living environment of migrants has been greatly improved and their infrastructure has been improved. However, some immigrant families have serious problems of multiple generations living with each other; the participation of immigrant communities is not high.The main manifestations are "unintentional participation" and "no way participation"; the leisure time increased after migration.) generally speaking, immigrants' perception of policies is relatively low, and the perception of different types of policies is also different.Migrants' perception of different types of policies is obviously different. Immigrants have different perceptions of land policies, social security policies, housing policies, education, training, household registration policies, credit policies, finance and taxation policies, industry policies.Migrants' perception of basic survival policies (such as land policy, social security policy, housing policy) is higher than that of developmental policy (industrial policy, fiscal policy, credit policy).Gender, age and education level of individual factors have some influence on the policy perception of immigrants, but there is no difference in the level of policy perception among different nationalities.In terms of social factors, the higher the regional economic level, the higher the policy perception level of immigrants, and the higher the regional economic level, the higher the policy perception level, and the greater the impact of location factors, such as transportation and geographical location, on the policy perception of immigrants.Different resettlement models also have a certain degree of impact on the perception of immigration policy.At the same time, the government's policy communication and policy implementation are also the main factors causing the low level of immigration policy awareness.
【学位授予单位】：宁夏大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D632.4

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