当代中国应对自然灾害导致返贫的对策研究

发布时间：2018-04-23 04:11

本文选题：当代中国 + 自然灾害　；参考：《吉林大学》2015年博士论文

【摘要】：近十年来，我国减贫速度极大减慢，扶贫开发面临着扶贫成果不稳固，脱贫与返贫紧密交叉，返贫规模大，返贫现象严重等问题。自然灾害导致的返贫在所有致因中属于最核心因素，而随着极端恶劣气候和地壳变动的频繁出现，自然灾害的性质、类型和特征也发生着变化，灾害的经济、社会危害更为显著。自然灾害及其风险对贫困地区和贫困人群这类典型的脆弱性对象影响巨大，不仅直接加剧贫困，更加使得已经脱贫甚至走向富裕的农村家庭重新返回贫困。在这种状况下，做好灾前预防、临灾抢救、灾时救援、灾后重建工作,对于减轻自然灾害导致返贫给经济社会造成的严重后果具有非常重要的作用，并且也能科学有效的推进反贫困战略的稳步实施以及经济社会的和谐发展。本文坚持以马克思主义理论为指导，采用系统分析研究、比较分析研究、多学科综合研究等方法，对自然灾害导致返贫现象进行了全面系统地分析，并提出了相应的对策。论文由六章内容构成：第一章为绪论。主要对本文的选题背景和选题意义、国外及国内研究现状、研究的基本思路和结构框架、研究的基本方法和创新之处等问题进行了阐述。第二章对自然灾害和返贫的相关问题进行了概述。主要对自然灾害的概念和分类、贫困的概念和类型、返贫的概念等进行了概述，并对自然灾害导致返贫现象的区域分布、自然灾害导致返贫群体的基本状况、自然灾害导致返贫程度的现实差异等问题进行了分析。第三章分析了自然灾害导致返贫的类型及特征。主要分析了生计资产缺失型返贫、脱贫能力缺失型返贫和参与权利缺失型返贫等三种类型，并对自然灾害导致返贫的地域性特征、自然灾害导致返贫的频发性特征、自然灾害导致返贫的严重性特征进行了阐述。第四章对自然灾害导致返贫的根源及影响进行了分析。本章指出自然灾害导致返贫的根源主要为：自然灾害频发导致灾害影响后果严重、生态环境脆弱导致自然灾害破坏加剧、基础设施建设滞后导致抗灾能力减弱、农户贫困脆弱性高导致防御能力降低、灾害救助体系失衡导致防控水平有限、经济发展水平落后导致恢复能力缓慢。同时分析了自然灾害导致返贫对返贫人口自身生产生活的影响、对扶贫开发战略有效实施的影响和对受灾地区经济社会发展的影响。第五章阐述了应对自然灾害导致返贫的指导理论。主要从马克思恩格斯关于自然灾害与贫困理论、中国共产党关于自然灾害与贫困理论、西方学者关于自然灾害与贫困理论、中国传统文化关于自然灾害与贫困思想等方面进行了理论上的梳理。第六章主要分析了遏制自然灾害导致返贫的对策。本章提出遏制自然灾害导致返贫的核心思想为两个，一是实现农村人口持续稳定脱贫，不因自然灾害发生而返贫；二是让返贫人口再次脱贫后不会重新陷入贫困。提出了遏制自然灾害导致返贫的对策：第一，协同实施贫困区域的科学发展战略。主要集中在资源开发与生态环境、防灾减灾基础设施和贫困区域协同发展机制构建。第二，严格落实贫困区域的扶贫开发战略。强调要从生态移民战略、整村推进战略，精准扶贫战略三方面落实。第三，完善社会保障和救助体系。第四，全力拓展减灾减贫领域的国际合作。主要涉及国际经验、区域政府间交流合作和国际NGO合作等。第五，强化脆弱群体应对自然灾害的能力。主要强调防灾避灾的意识建设、团体建设和能力建设。第六，加强自然灾害风险管理体系建设。包括自然灾害风险预警体系、应急物资储备调拨体系、灾后重建恢复体系、减灾科技支持体系、财政金融保障体系和风险管理法律体系等方面的建设。目前，自然灾害应对与扶贫开发的理论及实践作为一个新的研究论题，已经越来越受到研究者的关注和重视。但从马克思主义中国化的研究领域出发聚焦扶贫开发中的返贫问题，瞄准返贫的自然灾害致因，，相关研究成果不多，这是本文选题角度的创新之处。在对资料分析整理总结的基础上，本文分析了自然灾害导致返贫的现状，创新性的提出了自然灾害导致返贫的类型和特征，深入研究了自然灾害导致返贫的根源和影响，并提出了相应的对策。这些研究既是对客观现实的总结概括又是对政府战略的深入思考，这些研究有助于扶贫开发理论的丰富和发展、有助于国家和地方进一步完善政策、有助于中国减贫事业的长期发展。同时，也为学者继续加强对扶贫开发战略的研究提供了参考。
[Abstract]:In the past ten years, the speed of poverty reduction in China has been greatly slowed down, and poverty alleviation and development are facing problems such as the instability of poverty alleviation results, the close cross of poverty reduction and the return of poverty, the large return of poverty and the serious return of poverty. Nature, types and characteristics have also changed, and the economic and social hazards of disaster are more significant. Natural disasters and their risks have great impact on the typical vulnerable objects such as poor areas and poor people, which not only aggravate poverty directly, but also make rural families that have been deprived of poverty or even to return to poverty. In this situation, Pre disaster prevention, emergency rescue, disaster relief, and post disaster reconstruction work are very important for reducing the serious consequences caused by natural disasters to the economy and the society, and can also promote the steady implementation of the anti poverty strategy and the harmonious development of the economy and society.
This paper, based on the Marx theory, adopts the methods of systematic analysis, comparative analysis, comparative analysis and multidisciplinary comprehensive research, and makes a comprehensive and systematic analysis of the phenomenon of natural disaster caused by the return of poverty, and puts forward the corresponding countermeasures.
The thesis consists of six chapters.
The first chapter is the introduction, which mainly focuses on the background and significance of the topic, the status of foreign and domestic research, the basic ideas and structural framework of the research, the basic methods and innovation of the research.
The second chapter gives an overview of the related problems of natural disasters and the return of poverty, mainly on the concept and classification of natural disasters, the concepts and types of poverty, the concept of the return of poverty, and the regional distribution of the phenomenon of return to poverty caused by natural disasters, the basic situation of the return of the poor to the natural calamity and the present degree of the return of the poor to the natural calamity. The problem of real difference is analyzed.
The third chapter analyzes the types and characteristics of the return to poverty caused by natural disasters, mainly analyzes the three types of the lack of livelihood assets, the lack of poverty reduction and the lack of right to participate in the poor, and the regional characteristics of the natural disasters, which lead to the return of poverty, the frequent characteristics of the natural calamity and the severe return of the poor to the poor. The characteristics of the gravity are expounded.
The fourth chapter analyses the root and influence of natural disaster returning to poverty. This chapter points out that natural disasters lead to the return of poverty mainly: the frequent natural disasters lead to serious consequences of the disaster, the fragile ecological environment leads to the aggravation of the destruction of natural disasters, the lag of the infrastructure construction and the weakness of the disaster resistance, and the high vulnerability of the farmers' poverty. As a result, the defense ability is reduced, the imbalance of the disaster relief system leads to the limited level of prevention and control, and the backward economic development level leads to the slow recovery ability. Meanwhile, it analyzes the influence of natural disasters on the production and life of the poor people returning to the poor, the effect on the effective implementation of the poverty alleviation and development strategy and the influence on the economic and social development of the affected areas.
The fifth chapter expounds the guiding theory of natural calamity and poverty, mainly from the theory of natural calamity and poverty, the theory of natural calamity and poverty by the Communist Party of China, the theory of natural disasters and poverty by the western scholars, and the theory of natural disasters and poverty in Chinese traditional culture, and so on. Marx and Engels have carried on the theory of the theory of natural calamity and poverty. Carding.
The sixth chapter mainly analyzes the countermeasures to curb the return of natural disasters to the poor. This chapter puts forward that the core ideas of reducing the natural disaster and the return of poverty are two, one is to realize the sustainable and stable poverty reduction of the rural population, not to return to the poor because of natural disasters, and the two is to let the poor people do not fall into poverty again after the return of the poor to the poor. The countermeasures to lead to the return of poverty are: first, coordinate the implementation of the scientific development strategy of the poverty-stricken areas. The main focus is on the development of resources and the ecological environment, the infrastructure of disaster prevention and reduction and the coordinated development mechanism of the poor areas. Second, strictly implement the poverty alleviation and development strategy in the poor areas. The strategy is implemented in three aspects. Third, improve the social security and assistance system. Fourth, expand international cooperation in the field of disaster reduction and poverty reduction. It mainly involves international experience, regional intergovernmental exchanges and cooperation and international NGO cooperation. Fifth, strengthening the ability of vulnerable groups to cope with natural disasters. Sixth, strengthen the construction of natural disaster risk management system, including the early warning system of natural disaster risk, emergency material reserve allocation system, post disaster reconstruction and recovery system, disaster reduction science and technology support system, financial and financial security system and risk management legal system.
At present, as a new research topic, the theory and practice of natural disaster response and poverty alleviation and development have attracted more and more attention and attention. But from the research field of Marx's sinicization, we focus on the problem of poverty reduction in the poverty alleviation and development, and the cause of the natural disaster aiming at the return of poverty is not much, this is the article. On the basis of summarizing and summarizing the data analysis, this paper analyzes the present situation of the return to poverty caused by natural disasters, innovatively puts forward the types and characteristics of the natural disaster, which leads to the return of poverty, and studies the root and influence of the natural calamity on the return of poverty, and puts forward the corresponding countermeasures. These studies are both objective and objective. The summary and summary of the reality is the deep thinking of the government strategy. These studies help to enrich and develop the theory of poverty alleviation and development, help the country and the local government to further improve the policy and help the long-term development of the poverty reduction cause in China. At the same time, it also provides a reference for the scholars to continue to strengthen the research on the strategy of poverty alleviation and development.

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D632.5

【参考文献】