我国生育保险的公平问题研究

发布时间：2018-09-01 07:37

【摘要】：经济的发展推动了妇女地位的提高,妇女就业比例不断提高,与此同时妇女的生育行为越来越得到关注和重视,生育不仅是个人行为,使家庭得以延续,传承香火,生育还具有社会价值,是社会生产活动中不可分割的部分。它关系着社会的发展,国家的进步及整个人类的延续。生育保险作为社会保险之一,处于社会保障体系中,指在妇女在生育过程中,可以得到政府和社会提供的医疗保健及生育补助,尤其是对处于弱势地位的生育人扶持与救助。因此,对生育保险的研究与探索也是我国社会保障事业蓬勃发展的要求。生育保险在我国仍是以小险种的身份出现并且目前随着国家的转型,我国的生育保险的制度设计确实有失公平。所以解决生育保险的公平问题,是保障妇女生育权益的重要手段。本文以各种资料的查阅为基础,试图生育保险的公平问题进行粗略探讨。本文从生育保险的理论基础入手,为下文提出我国生育保险的公平问题及对策作铺垫。同时作了相关的概念厘定、生育保险和其它保险的比价及生育保险公平性的概述。从而使读者能够更好了解文章的论点。接着,文章阐述了我国生育保险的建立和现状。现状分析主要从政策要素的构成四个方面入手,包括主体、客体、资源和运行。第三章结合现状分析及访谈内容总结提出了本文的论点—生育保险的公平问题,从群体公平问题,负担公平问题和区域公平问题三个方面进行了剖析。同时分析产生公平问题的原因。为了针对公平问题,提出更有效地对策,在第四章介绍了国外生育保险的基本情况,试图寻找国外生育保险公平性建设的先进经验。最后在产生公平问题的原因分析和国外经验借鉴的基础上,提出解决我国生育保险公平问题的对策,首先要确立公平性的价值取向—公平和效率的统一,其次依据公平理论从机会公平、程序公平和分配公平三个方面进行制度设计和实施。同时文章又从七个方面提出了针对性的具体措施,以便更好地辅助三个方面的制度设计。目前“全面二孩”政策的放开,二胎的生育问题接踵而来,这也是生育保险制度面临的一项挑战。二胎生育的妈妈有更大的生育压力和生育成本,因此加强对妇女生育权益的维护至关重要,加快我国现有的生育保险制度的改革进程是时代的需要。
[Abstract]:Economic development has promoted the advancement of women, and the proportion of women in employment has been increasing. At the same time, more and more attention has been paid to women's reproductive behavior. Fertility is not only an individual behavior, so that families can continue and inherit incense. Fertility also has social value, is an inseparable part of social production activities. It is related to the development of society, the progress of the country and the continuation of mankind as a whole. As one of the social insurance, maternity insurance is in the social security system, which means that women can get medical care and maternity subsidies provided by the government and society in the process of childbearing, especially for those who are in a weak position. Therefore, the research and exploration of birth insurance is also the requirement of the vigorous development of social security in China. Birth insurance still appears as a kind of small insurance in our country, and with the transition of our country, the system design of birth insurance in our country is really unfair. Therefore, to solve the equity of birth insurance is an important means to protect women's reproductive rights and interests. Based on various references, this paper tries to discuss the equity of birth insurance roughly. Starting with the theoretical basis of birth insurance, this paper paves the way for putting forward the equity problems and countermeasures of birth insurance in China. At the same time, the related concepts are defined, the comparison between birth insurance and other insurance and the equity of birth insurance are summarized. So that readers can better understand the argument of the article. Then, the article elaborated our country birth insurance establishment and the present situation. The present situation analysis mainly starts from four aspects of policy elements, including subject, object, resource and operation. In the third chapter, the author puts forward the argument of this paper based on the analysis of the present situation and the summary of the interview content, which is analyzed from three aspects: group equity, burden equity and regional equity. At the same time, it analyzes the causes of the equity problem. In order to solve the problem of equity, the author introduces the basic situation of birth insurance abroad and tries to find out the advanced experience in the construction of equity of birth insurance in foreign countries. Finally, on the basis of the analysis of the causes of the problem of equity and the experience of foreign countries, the author puts forward the countermeasures to solve the problem of fairness in China's birth insurance. Firstly, it is necessary to establish the value orientation of fairness-the unity of fairness and efficiency. Secondly, according to the theory of fairness, the system is designed and implemented from three aspects: fair opportunity, fair procedure and fair distribution. At the same time, the paper puts forward specific measures from seven aspects in order to better assist the system design of three aspects. At present, with the opening of the policy of "two-child", the problem of second-child birth comes one after another, which is also a challenge to the birth insurance system. Second-born mothers have greater pressure and cost, so it is very important to strengthen the protection of women's reproductive rights and interests. It is necessary for the times to speed up the reform of china's current birth insurance system
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F842.617

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