农村最低生活保障制度实施效果评估研究

发布时间：2018-10-10 15:10

【摘要】：农村最低生活保障制度(以下简称农村低保制度)是社会保障体系中层次最低然而又极其重要的的一项社会制度,它既是“安全网”,维护农村贫困人口的基本生存权利,又是“粘合剂”,将千万农村贫困人口紧紧团聚在一起；它既是“稳定器”,缩小城乡差距,缓解社会矛盾,又是“助推器”,促进农民消费,推动农村经济持续发展。农村低保制度自2007年在全国范围实施以来,一直处于不断改进和自我完善的过程当中,而制度效果,是检验一项制度成功与否的最直接和最关键的因素。因此,农村低保制度实施效果的评估和研究对于该项制度的持续发展和健全完善无疑具有重要的意义。本文从山东省农村低保制度的实施现状着手,简要介绍了该制度试点探索、全面建制、发展完善的发展历程以及有关救助规模、低保标准、资金投入、动态管理等四个方面的具体实践。然后,通过质性与量化研究相结合的方法,运用政策评估中的目标达成模式,分别对农村低保制度在保障基本生活、应保尽保和脱离贫困这三个方面的效果进行评估,得出以下三个结论：第一,当前的农村低制度只是解决了低保家庭的“吃饭”问题,它的保障效果还只是一种低水平的对生存权利的保障。第二,农村低保制度与“应保尽保”的目标尚有一定距离,低保制度实际救助人数远低于农村贫困人口,存在明显的救助缺口；第三,由于目前享受农村最低生活保障待遇的低保对象绝大多数都是老弱病残者,因此农村低保制度在帮助低保群体脱离贫困方面的作用微乎其微。关于农村低保制度的实施效果,本文提出以下看法和观点：一是政府要承担起主体责任,加大对低保资金的支持力度,提高农村最低生活保障标准；二是要根据农村实际情况,合理确定农村低保制度的对象与范围,提高制度瞄准率；三是在进行农村低保制度效果评估时,不应该过于强调其缓解贫困的作用,而忽视了其最初的制度目标。
[Abstract]:The rural minimum living security system (hereinafter referred to as the rural minimum living security system) is a social system with the lowest level but extremely important in the social security system. It is a "safety net" to safeguard the basic survival rights of the rural poor. It is also a "glue" that tightly reunifies millions of poor people in rural areas; it is not only a "stabilizer" to narrow the gap between urban and rural areas, ease social contradictions, but also a "booster" to promote farmers' consumption and promote the sustained development of rural economy. Since the implementation of the rural minimum security system in the whole country in 2007, it has been in the process of continuous improvement and self-improvement, and the effect of the system is the most direct and key factor to test the success of a system. Therefore, the evaluation and research on the implementation effect of rural minimum security system is undoubtedly of great significance to the sustainable development and sound improvement of the system. Starting from the current situation of the implementation of the rural minimum security system in Shandong Province, this paper briefly introduces the pilot exploration, overall establishment, development and improvement of the system, as well as the relevant relief scale, minimum living standard, capital investment, etc. Dynamic management and four aspects of the specific practice. Then, through the method of combining qualitative and quantitative research, using the model of policy evaluation to achieve the goal, the paper evaluates the effect of rural minimum security system in the three aspects of guaranteeing the basic life, protecting the whole life, and escaping from poverty, respectively. The following three conclusions are drawn: first, the current rural low system only solves the problem of "eating" for the families with minimum living standard, and its safeguard effect is only a low level of protection of the right to survival. Second, there is still a certain distance between the rural minimum living allowance system and the goal of "full protection". The actual number of people assisted by the minimum living guarantee system is far lower than that of the rural poor population, and there is a clear gap in relief; third, At present, most of the recipients who enjoy the minimum living security treatment in rural areas are the elderly, the sick and the disabled, so the rural minimum living security system has very little effect on helping the minimum living security groups to escape from poverty. With regard to the implementation effect of the rural minimum living security system, this paper puts forward the following views and viewpoints: first, the government should assume the main responsibility, increase the support for the minimum living standard in rural areas; second, it should be based on the actual situation in the rural areas. The objective and scope of the rural minimum security system should be reasonably determined and the aiming rate of the system should be raised. Third, the function of alleviating poverty should not be overemphasized when evaluating the effectiveness of the rural minimum security system, and its initial institutional objectives should be neglected.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F323.89

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