中国统计制度创新研究

发布时间：2018-05-04 19:44

本文选题：统计制度 + 管理体制　；参考：《吉林大学》2012年博士论文

【摘要】：统计事业发展相关研究表明，中国统计事业发展的瓶颈是中国统计制度与社会主义市场经济体制匹配不足。中国统计制度创新研究，是发展统计事业的最重要问题之一。从已有研究成果来看，学者们对此问题的研究还不够系统深入。本文将理论与实践相结合，对中国统计制度创新问题进一步深入研究。从统计制度理论分析入手，分析何为统计制度，并对统计制度的功能、制度变迁的影响因素进行研究。本文认为，统计制度是界定统计活动各相关主体的权益、约束统计活动各相关主体行为，降低不确定性带来的交易费用，并保障统计活动各主体权益的一套行为规则和实施保障。统计制度具有激励与约束的核心功能，统计制度产生与发展及其功能的实现受多种因素影响制约，其中最重要的影响因素是经济因素。在对中国统计制度变迁的历程分析的基础上，分析统计制度变迁与经济增长的关系、各项统计制度之间的变迁关系、统计制度变迁与其他法律制度之间的关系，寻找中国统计制度变迁的规律。理论与实证分析得出以下结论：第一，经济增长与统计制度的变迁有共同发展变化的关系，统计制度的变迁受经济增长的影响，反过来统计制度的变迁也对经济增长有影响作用；第二，各项统计制度变迁之间存在相互促进、相互影响的共变关系，因而统计制度的变迁符合理论上的系统协调变迁要求；第三，统计制度变迁与其他法律制度是相互关联的，每一项统计制度的变迁都可能涉及部门法，所以在考察统计制度变迁时绝对不能将其看成一个孤立的领域。统计制度的变迁是历史发展的必然，综合分析统计制度变迁的趋势，未来中国统计制度变迁应以提高经济社会生产能力为基础，以提高统计能力为目标，由单一制度变迁向多元制度系统变迁转变，更多的考虑变迁成本。对中国统计制度现状、存在的问题及原因进行分析。当前统计制度存在的主要问题有：第一，统计制度与市场制度不适应。统计制度没有与市场经济体制很好的契合，造成许多不适应；第二，统计制度供需不平衡。统计制度的变迁没有跟上经济体制转轨的步伐，供给不足与供给过度并存；第三，统计制度的法律地位不高。在法律规定上及现实统计工作开展时，统计制度的法律地位明显不高，，发挥作用受限；第四，各项统计制度协调性差。各层次、各类别的统计制度制定者之间没有形成良好的协调关系，造成各项统计制度常包含着局部利益的安排，在实施时存在相互矛盾与冲突。存在问题的主要原因是：第一，经济体制改革不彻底。市场经济体制决定应采取中央一级统计管理体制，然而由于市场经济体制不完善，目前统计管理是多级化的；第二，社会生产力发展局限。目前技术方法手段无法对统计行政管理的责权利关系给出合理的核算；第三，受社会意识的影响，社会公众和行政领导对统计重要性认识不足；第四，制度供给时滞和政府垄断制度供给，统计制度变迁为政府主导型；第五，调查制度制定权、统计法律制度立法权过于分散。统计制度存在问题的最根本原因是市场经济体制不完善。中国统计制度的运行效率分析表明，中国统计制度运行效率相对较低。对发达国家统计制度安排进行分析，从中得到启示。第一，在统计组织管理体制方面，各国应根据本国的特点，选择不同的统计组织管理体制，选择的关键在于适合本国国情；第二，统计调查制度体系取决于市场经济体制，统计核算制度体系完善依赖于调查资料的完善；第三，统计法律制度完善应注意实施机制的健全，实施效果与国家法制体系状况直接相关，统计法律制度有效宣传有利于提高制度实施效率。在统计制度理论与实证分析的基础上，提出中国统计管理体制创新、统计调查核算制度创新和统计法律制度创新建议。第一，建立“三元”统计管理体制。综合考虑我国国情，我认为，国民经济社会基础统计工作及重点统计工作应采取由中央政府统计机构“统一领导，统一管理”的高度集中管理方式，其他统计工作由地方政府统计机构及部门统计机构根据政府和部门各自的市场需求来设置安排，形成中央、部门、地方的“三元”统计管理体制；第二，建立统计机构协调机制。建立统计咨询协调常设机构，协调国家统计机构与部门统计机构和地方统计机构之间的关系，避免政府统计工作重复和遗漏，减少制度运行成本；第三，建立独立、中立、超然的第三方监管机构，对中国政府统计管理体制运行状况予以监督，对统计管理成本进行核算；第四，加强统计人力资源的开发和利用，从完善统计干部选拔机制、加强对现有统计人才的培养和提高及引进新生力量三个方面推进；第五，构建统计调查制度基本框架。统计调查制度框架应包含普查制度、经常性调查制度及其他调查制度所涉及的质的规定、量的规定和调查制度实施监督检查专门机构；第六，推动统计调查方法技术创新。通过统计技术复制、统计技术创造性模仿和统计技术自主创新三个层次安排，实现统计调查从业人员统计技术能力的升级；第七，建立行政记录报告制度，充分利用行政记录，节约调查成本，减少重复工作；第八，创新GDP核算制度。建立完善、可行的服务业调查核算制度体系，对各地区GDP核算中涉及重复计算的内容做出制度性规定；第九，调整投入产出核算制度，解决资料搜集问题，解决统计核算技术问题，参照多国的成功经验适时调整投入产出核算制度；第十，建立环境资源核算制度，对环境资源投入产出进行核算；第十一，建立统计核算制度的一致性保障，改善统计核算基础条件，形成支出法GDP核算制度与其他核算制度的衔接一致关系；第十二，健全统计法律制度。统计法律、法规、规章的立法权归一化管理，在统计法中增加统计活动各方参与者权利和义务条款，明确规定统计活动各方参与者的法定地位，增加政府统计经费保障条款；第十三，健全统计法律制度执行体系，制定新的统计法实施细则，建立完善的统计违法处罚制度，建立中立和独立的统计执法部门；第十四，建立统计制度间协调机制，以统计法律制度为基础，保障统计法律制度、统计管理体制和统计调查核算制度三者协调。
[Abstract]:The research on the development of statistical cause shows that the bottleneck of the development of China's statistical cause is that the Chinese statistical system is not matched with the socialist market economy system. The research on the innovation of China's statistical system is one of the most important problems in the development of the statistical cause. From the existing research results, the scholars' research on this problem is not systematic and deep enough. Combining theory with practice, this paper further studies the innovation of China's statistical system.
From the theoretical analysis of the statistical system, this paper analyzes the statistical system, and studies the function of the statistical system and the influence factors of the institutional change. This article holds that the statistical system is the rights and interests of the relevant subjects of the statistical activities, to restrain the related subject behavior of the statistical activities, to reduce the transaction costs caused by the uncertainty, and to guarantee the statistical activities. A set of behavior rules and implementation guarantees for the rights and interests of the various subjects. The statistical system has the core function of incentive and constraint. The production and development of the statistical system and the realization of its function are influenced by many factors, and the most important factor is the economic factor.
On the basis of the analysis of the history of China's statistical system changes, the relationship between the statistical system changes and economic growth, the relationship between the various statistical systems, the relationship between the statistical system changes and the other legal systems are analyzed, and the laws of the changes of China's statistical system are found. The change of growth and statistical system has the relationship of common development and change, the change of statistical system is influenced by economic growth, in turn, the change of statistical system also has influence on economic growth. Second, there are mutual promotion and mutual influence between the changes of statistical system, so the change of statistical system conforms to the theory. Third, the changes of statistical system and other legal systems are interrelated, and the changes of every statistical system may involve department law, so it is absolutely impossible to regard it as an isolated field when examining the changes in the statistical system. The trend of degree change is that in the future, the change of China's statistical system should be based on improving the economic and social production capacity, in order to improve the statistical capacity, and change from the single system change to the multi system system, and more consideration of the change cost.
The main problems of the current statistical system are as follows: first, the statistical system is not fit with the market system. The statistical system does not fit well with the market economy system and causes many unadaptations; second, the supply and demand of the statistical system is not balanced. The change of the statistical system has not been followed. The pace of the transition of the economic system, the shortage of supply and the excessive supply of supply; third, the legal status of the statistical system is not high. The legal status of the statistical system is obviously not high and the function is limited when the legal provisions and the practical statistical work are carried out; Fourth, the coordination of various statistical systems is poor. There is no good coordination relationship between them, which leads to the arrangement of local interests and contradictions and conflicts in the implementation of the statistical system. The main reasons for the problems are: first, the reform of the economic system is not thorough. The market economy system should adopt a central statistical management system at the central level, but the market economy is due to the market economy. The system is not perfect, and the current statistical management is multilevel; second, the development of social productivity is limited. At present, the technical methods and means can not give reasonable accounting to the relationship between the responsibility and rights of the statistical administration; third, the social public and the administrative leaders are insufficient to understand the importance of statistics under the influence of social consciousness; fourth, system supply time lag and The government dominated monopoly system supply, the statistical system changes are dominated by the government; fifth, the investigation system is right, the legislative power of the statistical legal system is too scattered. The most fundamental reason for the problems of the statistical system is the imperfect market economy system. The operation efficiency analysis of China's statistical system shows that the efficiency of China's statistical system is relatively low.
The analysis of the statistical system arrangement of the developed countries is given. First, in the aspect of the statistical organization management system, countries should choose different statistical organization management systems according to their own characteristics, and the key to the selection is to suit their own national conditions; second, the system of statistical investigation system depends on the market economy system and the system of statistical accounting. The improvement of the system depends on the perfection of the investigation data. Third, the perfection of the system of the implementation of the statistical legal system should be paid attention to. The effect of the implementation is directly related to the state legal system. The effective propaganda of the statistical legal system is beneficial to the improvement of the efficiency of the system.
On the basis of statistical system theory and empirical analysis, we put forward the innovation of China's statistical management system, the innovation of statistical investigation accounting system and the innovation of statistical legal system. First, establish the "three yuan" statistical management system. Considering the national conditions of our country, I think that the basic statistical work and the key statistical work of the national economic society should be taken from the basis of the national economic society. The central government statistical agencies "unified leadership, unified management" highly centralized management mode, other statistical work by local government statistical agencies and departments according to the government and Department of the departments according to the respective market needs to set up arrangements, the formation of central, Department, local "three yuan" statistical management system; second, the establishment of statistical institutions Association Setting up a permanent establishment of statistical consultation and coordination, coordinating the relationship between the national statistical institutions and the statistical agencies of the Department and the local statistical institutions, avoiding the duplication and omission of the government statistical work and reducing the operating costs of the system; third, the establishment of an independent, neutral and detached third party regulatory agency, and the operation of the Chinese government's statistical management system. To supervise and calculate the cost of statistical management; fourth, to strengthen the development and utilization of statistical human resources, to improve the selection mechanism of statistical cadres, to strengthen the training and improvement of the existing statistical personnel and to promote the introduction of new forces in three aspects; fifth, to build the basic framework of the statistical investigation system. The framework of the statistical investigation system should be included The general survey system, the regular investigation system and other investigation systems involved in the qualitative regulations, the quantity regulations and the investigation system to implement the supervision and inspection specialized agencies; sixth, promote the technical innovation of the statistical investigation method. Through the statistical technology replication, the creative imitation of statistical technology and the independent innovation of statistical technology, the statistical adjustment is realized. Look up the upgrading of the statistical technical ability of the employees; seventh, establish the administrative record reporting system, make full use of the administrative records, save the cost of investigation, reduce the duplication of work; Eighth, innovate the GDP accounting system. Establish a perfect and feasible system for the investigation and accounting of service industry, and make the system of the contents of repeated calculations involved in the GDP accounting of various regions. Regulations; Ninth, adjust the input-output accounting system, solve the problem of data collection, solve the technical problems of statistical accounting, adjust the input-output accounting system according to the successful experience of many countries, and tenth, establish the system of environmental resources accounting, make a nuclear calculation on the input and output of environmental resources, and eleventh, establish the consistency of the statistical accounting system. To improve the basic conditions of statistical accounting, to form the consistency and consistency of the GDP accounting system of expenditure law and other accounting systems; twelfth, to improve the legal system of statistics. The normalization of the legislative power of statistical laws, regulations and regulations, the provisions of the rights and obligations of all parties involved in statistical activities in statistical law, clearly stipulate the parties of statistical activities. The legal status of the participants will increase the provisions of the government's statistical funds guarantee; thirteenth, improve the implementation system of the statistical legal system, formulate new rules for the implementation of the new statistical law, establish a perfect system of statistical illegal punishment, establish a neutral and independent statistical law enforcement department; and fourteenth, establish a coordination mechanism between the statistical systems, to make a statistical legal system The foundation is to guarantee the coordination between the three legal systems, the statistical management system and the statistical investigation and accounting system.

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：C829.22

【参考文献】