文明史学在近代中日两国的兴起与变异——以田口卯吉、梁启超为重点

发布时间：2018-07-08 08:59

本文选题：文明史学 + 田口卯吉　；参考：《北京师范大学学报(社会科学版)》2012年03期

【摘要】：文明史学起源于西欧,19世纪70年代初传至日本,20世纪初进入中国。经田口卯吉、梁启超等人的提倡和实践,文明史学在日、中两国兴起。一方面,中日早期的文明史学拥有共同的理论特征,主张以进化史观取代传统的历史观念,以民众心理、社会风俗等为研究重点,以历史的因果关系、演化规律及公理公例为追求目标,以文明之精神为历史进步的决定性力量;另一方面,中日早期文明史家在接受和传播西欧文明史学现代性理念的同时,又因应时势,予以改造与发挥。西方史家认定文明史合于自然科学的性质,中日史家则主要是从社会科学角度来理解文明史;日本史家通过文明史学确立民族自信,中国则出现了明显否定民族传统的历史虚无主义倾向;日本早期的文明史学带有较严重的国家主义色彩,中国的文明史家则强调本民族的团结与自救。循流溯源,观同析异,这对于深刻认识中日两国史学现代性的发生大有裨益。
[Abstract]:The history of civilization originated in the early 1870s in Western Europe and entered China in the early 20th century. Through the advocacy and practice of Tanakou-maoji, Liang Qichao and others, the history of civilization rose in Japan and China. On the one hand, the early civilized historiography of China and Japan shared the same theoretical characteristics, advocated the idea of evolutionary history instead of the traditional historical concept, focused on the psychology of the people and social customs, and focused on historical causality. The law of evolution and axiomatic examples are the pursuit of the goal, and the spirit of civilization is the decisive force of historical progress. On the other hand, while accepting and spreading the modern ideas of Western European civilization history, the early civilization historians of China and Japan have also adapted to the times. To reform and play. Western historians believe that the history of civilization is compatible with the nature of natural science, while Chinese and Japanese historians understand the history of civilization from the perspective of social sciences, while Japanese historians establish national self-confidence through the study of civilization history. In China, the historical nihilism tendency of negating the national tradition is obvious; the early Japanese civilization historiography has a serious nationalistic color, while the Chinese civilization historian emphasizes the unity and self-saving of the nation. Tracing back to the source and analyzing the similarities and differences, it is of great benefit to understand the modernity of Chinese and Japanese historiography.
【作者单位】：北京师范大学历史学院;
【基金】：日本学术振兴会项目“20世纪初期日本史学对中国的影响”(L09501) 中国国家社科基金项目“中西比较下的20世纪文化史研究”(06CZS01)
【分类号】：K093

【共引文献】