中国地方政府参与领事保护探析

发布时间：2018-03-27 20:17

本文选题：地方政府　切入点：领事保护　出处：《外交评论(外交学院学报)》2017年04期

【摘要】：新世纪以来,中国逐步构建了包括地方政府在内的"五位一体"的领事保护联动机制。地方政府在相关机制建设方面取得了重要进展,它们协助或牵头处理领事保护紧急事件,多渠道开展领事保护宣传以及海外安全教育和培训,发挥了相当重要乃至不可替代的作用。地方政府参与领事保护,契合全球化背景下外交参与主体多元化的发展趋势,同时体现出鲜明的中国特色。中国外交部和驻外使领馆面临巨大的领事保护工作压力,需要地方政府分担保护责任;中国央地关系政治架构为中央向地方分担保护责任奠定了制度基础;海外中国公民因地缘联系而聚集分布的特点使得地方政府在处理一些领事保护案件时不可或缺;地方政府本身具有某些中央政府所不具备的优势;领事保护为基层外事工作提供了新的发展空间。地方政府的参与在一定程度上弥补了中央政府在人员和资金投入方面的不足,但也存在一些问题,不利于领事保护机制的长远发展,如保护责任划分不够合理,缺乏指导和统一的实施标准,地方政府的保护责任与管理权限不平衡等等。着眼于中国领事保护机制的长远发展,地方政府参与领事保护工作尚需进一步加强和完善。
[Abstract]:Since the new century, China has gradually set up a "five-in-one" consular protection linkage mechanism, including local governments. Local governments have made important progress in the construction of relevant mechanisms, and they have assisted or taken the lead in handling consular protection emergencies. Multi-channel consular protection propaganda and overseas security education and training have played an important or even irreplaceable role. The participation of local governments in consular protection is in line with the trend of diversification of diplomatic participants in the context of globalization. At the same time, the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs and embassies and consulates abroad are faced with enormous pressure of consular protection, which requires local governments to share the responsibility of protection; The political structure of the relationship between central and local authorities in China lays a foundation for the central authorities to share the responsibility of protection to the local authorities, and the characteristics of the gathering and distribution of overseas Chinese citizens due to geographical ties make it indispensable for local governments to deal with some cases of consular protection. The local governments themselves have some advantages that the central government does not have; consular protection provides a new space for the development of grass-roots foreign affairs. To some extent, the participation of local governments has made up for the shortcomings of the central government in terms of personnel and capital investment. However, there are also some problems which are not conducive to the long-term development of the consular protection mechanism, such as the unreasonable division of the responsibility to protect, the lack of guidance and uniform standards of implementation. Based on the long-term development of Chinese consular protection mechanism, the participation of local governments in consular protection still needs to be further strengthened and improved.
【作者单位】：外交学院外交学与外事管理系;
【基金】：外文学院中央高校基本科研业务费项目“地方政府在领事保护中的作用研究” 国家社科基金项目“‘一带一路’战略下改进领事服务研究”(16BGJ015)的阶段性研究成果北京对外交流与外事管理研究基地成果北京市教育委员会专项资助
【分类号】：D827

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