公众舆论对当前中国外交决策的影响评析

发布时间：2018-04-11 22:32

本文选题：公众舆论 + 外交决策　；参考：《河北师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着社会的发展，影响当前中国外交决策制定的因素也越来越多，公众舆论作为一种国内社会因素，它对中国外交决策制定的影响已经日益凸显。本文拟对公众舆论对当前中国外交决策的影响度进行阐述，说明公众舆论对外交决策的正面影响需要而且必须存在。对于这一问题的研究，不仅能够使公众舆论的相关理论得到扩展，也对加强公众舆论对当前中国外交决策的积极影响有着重要的理论意义和现实意义。本文阐述了该论文的选题意义，分析了国内外对该问题的研究现状、学术价值以及应用价值，介绍了研究方法和思路，说明了本文研究的重点、难点和创新之处，进而在第一部分中分析了公众舆论的概念，并对公众舆论的表达主体进行分类介绍，表达主体包括“首要公众”、“次要公众”和“边缘公众”，叙述了公众舆论与中国外交决策发展的演进过程：新中国成立到改革开放前，中国外交决策过程呈现出“官方”决策的特点；改革开放到20世纪90年代中后期，中国政府外交决策中也开始出现了“开放”的迹象；近十几年，中国政府外交决策中开始有限的关注和提炼公众舆论成份，公众舆论在中国政府外交决策中的影响逐渐加深。在第二部分中指出当前公众舆论影响中国外交决策过程中存在的问题，即政府对公众意见的重视程度不足，“官方”决策仍然具有决定性作用，公众舆论影响外交决策制定过程中大众传媒作用的片面性，外交制度建设与规范公众舆论表达的不同步性以及公众舆论表达主体的多元性与表达倾向的复杂性。出现上述问题的原因也是多方面的，分别是外交决策自身特点影响政府对公众舆论的关注度，大众传媒自身缺陷限制公众舆论畅通地表达，外交制度建设进程的缓慢束缚了公众舆论的良性发展，公众整体素质的参差不齐造成非理智的利益表达。第三部分对当前公众舆论影响中国外交决策的现实性及必要性进行分析，中国的政治民主化进程推动了公民社会的发展，中国综合国力和国际地位的提升，外交决策过程的日益民主化，以及大众传媒的平台作用，这些因素都促进了公众舆论对外交决策的影响；公众舆论的存在并发挥作用是非常必要的，它是中国外交决策民主化的重要指标，可以使中国制定的外交政策更加合理化、科学化，为中国外交获得更强大的国内舆论支持和更大的回旋余地。最后，在该文的第四部分，针对以上所说的公众舆论参与外交决策制定过程中存在的不足提出改进建议：政府要逐渐加深公众舆论对中国外交决策的影响，提高关注和提炼公众舆论的能力，促进中国外交决策的进一步民主化；进一步发挥大众传媒自身优势，确保公众舆论表达渠道的畅通；加快外交制度建设进程；提高广大公众的素质，使舆论表达朝着理性化和专业化的方向发展。相信在政府、公众以及大众传媒的共同努力下，中国的公众舆论不仅能够更深的影响国家外交决策，，也能够健康发展，并逐渐使世界上其他国家听到中国的声音，树立中国良好的国际形象。
[Abstract]:With the development of society, factors that affect the formulation of Chinese foreign policy more and more, the public opinion as a domestic social factors, its influence on the formulation of Chinese foreign policy has become increasingly prominent. The impact on the public opinion on the current foreign policy of Chinese described, that positive influence public opinion on foreign policy decisions and must be present. For the study of this issue, not only can make the related theory of public opinion has been extended and also has important theoretical significance and practical significance to strengthen the positive effect of public opinion on the current China diplomatic decision-making.
This paper expounds the significance of the thesis, analyzed the domestic and foreign research on this issue, the academic value and application value, introduces the research methods and ideas, the focus of this study, difficulties and innovation, and in the first part of the analysis of the concept of public opinion, and the main expression of public opinion the classification is introduced, including the main expression "the first public", "secondary public" and "public edge", describes the evolution of public opinion and China foreign policy: the development of the new China establishment of the reform and opening up, in the foreign decision-making process presents the characteristics of "official" decisions; reform and opening up in the late 1990s China, the foreign policy of the government also started a "open" sign; in recent years, the government China foreign policy began to limited attention and refine public opinion ingredients, The influence of public opinion on the Chinese government's diplomatic policy has gradually deepened.
Pointed out that the current public opinion influence the decision-making process Chinese diplomatic problems in the second part, namely the government pay more attention to the public opinion, the "official" decision still has a decisive role, the public opinion influence foreign policy decisions one sidedness of the role of the mass media in the process of diplomatic expression system construction and standardization of public opinion is not synchronized and the public opinion of the main expression and expression diversity tendency of complexity. The reasons for these problems are various, which is attention to the characteristics of the foreign policy decisions affect the government of public opinion, the defects of limited public opinion and smooth expression of mass media, the process of diplomatic system construction slowly bound the benign development of public opinion. Uneven quality of the public caused by the irrational interest expression.
The third part is to analyze the influence of the reality and necessity of China foreign policy current public opinion, political democratization China promoted the development of the civil society, Chinese comprehensive national strength and international status, the diplomatic decision-making process more democratic, and the mass media platform, these factors have contributed to influence public opinion foreign policy; public opinion exist and play a role is very necessary, it is an important index of Chinese diplomatic decision-making democratization, can make China foreign policy more reasonable, scientific, public opinion get more powerful domestic support for foreign China and more leeway.
Finally, in the fourth part of this paper, aiming at the problems mentioned above the public participation in the process of formulating foreign policy recommendations: the government should gradually deepen public opinion influence on Chinese foreign policies and improve attention and refine public opinion, promote the further democratization of China foreign policy to further develop the mass media; their own advantages, to ensure that the public opinion expression channels; to speed up the process of diplomatic system construction; improve the quality of the public, the expression of public opinion toward rational and professional direction.
I believe that under the joint efforts of the government, the public and the mass media, China's public opinion can not only influence the decision-making of the foreign countries, but also develop healthily, and gradually make the rest of the world hear the voice of China and set up a good international image of China.

【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D820

【参考文献】