印度“东向政策”二十年—回顾与展望

发布时间：2018-05-31 02:10

本文选题：印度 + 东向政策　；参考：《山东大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文回顾了印度“东向政策”二十年的发展。具体分析了“东向政策”出台的背景,创新性地分析了“东向政策”进入第二阶段的具体原因,分别总结了印度政府在这一政策的两个发展阶段所采取的措施和取得的成效。在回顾“东向政策”二十年所取得的政治、经济、军事安全等方面的巨大成就基础上,对印度“东向政策”未来发展及其前景进行了展望。 1991年“东向政策”出台的背景是冷战结束后国际形势的巨变和1991年印度爆发的严重的史无前例的经济危机迫使印度政府改变外交政策的导向,“东向政策”成为最好的选择,因为印度具有发展与东盟国家关系的地缘政治优势和历史文化认同,而且东盟的大国平衡战略也必需借重印度,从而为印度“东向政策”政策的出台与实施提供了极大的可行性。“东向政策”之所以进入第二阶段,是因为第一阶段的成功坚定了印度继续东向的决心,印度2000年开始的第二代经济改革需要“东向政策”政策进一步发展,新安全观下东亚的安全价值凸显和亚太新局势下印度的大国战略诉求都促使印度政府高调宣布“东向政策”政策进入第二阶段。在“东向政策”第一阶段,印度政府采取了积极主动的外交措施,包括积极推动与东盟国家的政治接触,重点加强与东盟的经济联系,开展与东盟和亚太的安全合作,结果,打破了印度囿于南亚一隅的政治局限,经济融入东亚,与东南亚国家的军事合作增多。在第二阶段,印度在政治上继续深化与东盟的机制性联系,不断扩大“东向政策”的地域范围,与其他东亚和亚太国家建立起密切的双边关系。在经济上,印度继续积极提升与东盟的经济合作关系,加强与东亚国家的经济合作关系,积极倡导成立亚洲经济共同体,还以东北各邦为桥头堡进一步发展印度与东盟的陆路交通网络建设。在安全层面,印度逐渐加强与东亚特别是东盟国家的海上安全合作,将势力范围渗透到了亚太地区,在亚太安全中的影响力不断扩大。此外,印度也将文化外交作为一项重要的外交措施加以重视从而大大加强了印度的软实力。结果,借助东盟这一地区合作的平台,印度成功地建立了与东亚地区区域经济合作和安全合作机制,印度的亚太国家身份得到了普遍认同,使印度走出了印度洋,立足于亚太地区。 “东向政策”二十年,其成功实施为印度继续推行这一政策打下了坚实的基础,良好的惯性发展的态势已经形成。尽管有各种各样的主客观局限性,印度的“东向政策”仍然有进一步发展的广阔空间。在世界力量重心转向亚太之际,印度“东向政策”政策的继续推行,将保证印度在控制印度洋的基础上,更多地与东亚乃至亚太国家开展政治、经济、安全以及军事合作,完成从南亚大国到亚太大国的转变,最终成为世界上数一数二的大国。
[Abstract]:This paper reviews the development of India's eastward Policy over the past 20 years. This paper analyzes the background of "eastward policy", analyzes the reasons why "east-oriented policy" enters into the second stage, and summarizes the measures taken by the Indian government in the two stages of development of the policy and the results obtained. On the basis of reviewing the great achievements in politics, economy, military security and so on in the 20 years of "eastward Policy", the future development and prospect of India's "East-Oriented Policy" are prospected. The "eastward Policy" was introduced in 1991 against the background of the dramatic changes in the international situation following the end of the Cold War and the unprecedented economic crisis that broke out in India in 1991, forcing the Indian Government to change the direction of its foreign policy, and "eastward Policy" as the best choice. Because India has the geopolitical advantage and historical and cultural identity to develop relations with ASEAN countries, and ASEAN's great power balance strategy must also draw on India. Therefore, it provides great feasibility for the introduction and implementation of India's eastward policy. The reason why the "eastward policy" has entered the second phase is that the success of the first phase has strengthened India's determination to continue the eastward direction, and the second-generation economic reform initiated by India in 2000 requires the further development of the "eastward policy" policy. The prominence of East Asia's security value under the new security concept and the strategic appeal of India's great power under the new situation in Asia and the Pacific prompted the Indian government to announce the "eastward policy" in a high profile and enter the second phase. In the first phase of the "eastward Policy", the Government of India took proactive diplomatic measures, including actively promoting political contacts with ASEAN countries, focusing on strengthening economic ties with ASEAN, and carrying out security cooperation with ASEAN and the Asia-Pacific. India broke the political limitation of a corner of South Asia, economic integration into East Asia, and increased military cooperation with Southeast Asian countries. In the second stage, India continued to deepen its institutional ties with ASEAN politically, expand the geographical scope of the "eastward policy", and establish close bilateral relations with other East Asian and Asia-Pacific countries. Economically, India continues to actively promote economic cooperation with ASEAN, strengthen economic cooperation with East Asian countries, and actively advocate the establishment of the Asian Economic Community. In addition, northeast states as bridgehead to further develop India and ASEAN land transport network construction. At the security level, India has gradually strengthened its maritime security cooperation with East Asia, especially ASEAN countries, infiltrating its sphere of influence into the Asia-Pacific region and expanding its influence in Asia-Pacific security. In addition, India attaches importance to cultural diplomacy as an important diplomatic measure, which greatly strengthens its soft power. As a result, with the help of ASEAN, the platform for regional cooperation, India successfully established a mechanism for regional economic cooperation and security cooperation with the East Asian region. India's status as an Asia-Pacific country was generally recognized, which led India out of the Indian Ocean. Based in the Asia-Pacific region. The successful implementation of the "eastward Policy" for 20 years laid a solid foundation for India to continue to carry out this policy, and a good momentum of inertia development has been formed. In spite of various subjective and objective limitations, India's eastward policy still has broad scope for further development. As the focus of world power shifts to the Asia-Pacific region, the continued implementation of India's "eastward policy" will ensure that India, on the basis of controlling the Indian Ocean, will carry out more political, economic, security and military cooperation with East Asia and even with the Asia-Pacific countries. To complete the transformation from South Asia to Asia Pacific power, and eventually become one of the world's largest powers.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D835.1

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