从大国间关联利益看国家安全——美国对俄德的经济战略及其后果

发布时间：2018-06-08 07:55

本文选题：俄罗斯改革 + 美国对外战略　；参考：《东北亚论坛》2015年02期

【摘要】：冷战结束以后,美国面临一次战略机遇,将昔日的对手俄罗斯转变为合作伙伴;二战结束以后,美国也曾面临过类似的机遇:将欧洲最大的战争机器德国转变成盟友。美国对俄罗斯与联邦德国实施的经济战略后果迥然不同。冷战后,美国对俄罗斯的经济战略是失败的,它让俄罗斯与美国的关系日益疏远;而二战结束以后,美国对联邦德国的经济战略则取得了成功,将往日的对手转变成了盟友。本文试图指出:冷战结束以后,美国在俄罗斯转型问题上实施了消极的对外经济战略,既没有减免俄罗斯背负的债务负担,也没及时有效地提供援助。俄罗斯的经济困境导致了其国内政治困局,也使得俄罗斯民众和精英对西方国家的认知越来越负面,美国失去了一个可能的合作伙伴。与此形成对照的是二战结束以后,美国协助昔日的对手德国进行经济重建,并通过实施马歇尔计划进行大规模的国际援助。这样的经济战略最终也惠及美国。因此,即便是相互竞争的国家,国家利益也存在关联性。随着当代世界安全结构的变迁,大国的利益半径在扩大,关联利益日趋明显。要实现自身的国家利益,就需要关照包括竞争对手在内的国家利益。
[Abstract]:After the end of the Cold War, the United States faced a strategic opportunity to turn its former rival, Russia, into a partner; after the second world war, the United States faced a similar opportunity: to turn Germany, Europe's largest war machine, into an ally. The economic consequences of America's economic strategy against Russia and the Federal Republic of Germany are very different. After the Cold War, America's economic strategy toward Russia failed, it alienated Russia from the United States, and after the end of World War II, the United States' economic strategy for the Federal Republic of Germany was successful, turning its former adversaries into allies. This paper attempts to point out that after the end of the Cold War, the United States implemented a passive foreign economic strategy on the issue of Russia's transformation, neither reducing Russia's debt burden nor providing aid in a timely and effective manner. Russia's economic woes have led to its domestic political woes, as well as an increasingly negative perception of the West by the Russian public and elites, leaving the United States without a possible partner. By contrast, after World War II, the United States helped its former rival, Germany, to rebuild its economy and carry out large-scale international aid through the Marshall Plan. Such an economic strategy ultimately benefits the United States. Thus, even in competing countries, national interests are relevant. With the change of the security structure in the contemporary world, the interests radius of big countries is expanding, and the related interests are becoming more and more obvious. To realize one's own national interests, one needs to take care of national interests, including those of competitors.
【作者单位】：上海交通大学国际与公共事务学院;
【分类号】：D871.2

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