冷战期间美国在中东的楔子战略影响研究

发布时间：2018-06-22 09:53

本文选题：中东 + 美苏竞争　；参考：《阿拉伯世界研究》2015年03期

【摘要】：冷战期间,中东地区是美苏竞争的焦点之一,美国中东政策的首要目标是限制苏联势力扩张,为此采用了楔子战略谋求联盟预阻与联盟分化。一是通过组织巴格达条约组织和中央条约组织等多边安全组织来防止苏联在中东的势力扩张;二是推行政权颠覆、军事征服来防止苏联势力在中东的增强;三是进行援助比拼与苏联就中东关键国家展开激烈争夺。从战略效果来看,在冷战绝大部分时间内,尽管美国未能完全将苏联的影响在中东清除,但总体而言在美苏中东竞争中处于优势。不过中东复杂的民族、宗教问题和动荡的局势使得美苏双方都无法一劳永逸地控制中东,而是需要持续不断地进行战略投入,这也导致美国对中东的楔子战略因战略资源约束而出现变化,形成了美苏在中东互有优势的局面。
[Abstract]:During the Cold War, the Middle East was one of the focal points of U.S.-Soviet competition. The primary goal of American Middle East policy was to limit the expansion of Soviet power. Therefore, the wedge strategy was adopted to seek alliance pre-obstruction and alliance differentiation. One is to prevent the expansion of Soviet power in the Middle East by organizing multilateral security organizations such as the Baghdad Treaty Organization and the Central Treaty Organization, the other is to carry out regime subversion and military subjugation to prevent the strengthening of Soviet forces in the Middle East. Third, the aid competition with the Soviet Union on the key countries in the Middle East fierce competition. In terms of strategic effect, although the United States failed to completely eliminate the Soviet influence in the Middle East during most of the Cold War, it was generally superior in the Middle East competition between the United States and the Soviet Union. However, the complex ethnic, religious and turbulent situation in the Middle East has prevented the United States and the Soviet Union from taking control of the Middle East once and for all, but requires sustained strategic investment. This also led to the change of American wedge strategy towards the Middle East due to the restriction of strategic resources, which resulted in the mutual superiority of the United States and Soviet Union in the Middle East.
【作者单位】：外交学院国际关系研究所;
【分类号】：D815.4

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