出国经历与跨文化敏感度，及冲突管理模式的关系研究

发布时间：2018-01-17 22:34

本文关键词：出国经历与跨文化敏感度，，及冲突管理模式的关系研究　出处：《西南财经大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着科技的进步与社会的发展,我们生活的环境逐渐变成了“地球村”。在我们的生活,学习,工作中都可能会遇到需要与外国人打交道的情况。在这样的一个大环境下,懂得如何和有着不同文化背景的人打交道是非常重要的和必要的。因此,文化敏感度也显得尤为重要。跨文化敏感度是跨文化交际中不可或缺的一部分。根据Guoming Chen和Starosta(2000)跨文化敏感度由以下5个因素组成：交际参与度,文化差异认同感,交际信心,交际愉悦感,交际专注度。在与人交往的过程中,矛盾冲突不可避免,使用不同的方式处理对待矛盾将会产生不同的结果。Rahim和Bonoma(1979)将处理矛盾的方式分为以下五种：整合式,独裁式,妥协式,屈从式,避让式。从1978年到2012年,超过260万名中国学生赴外国留学。仅2012年就有约40万中国学生选择海外留学。2012到2013年度,美国共约82万海外留学生,中国学生占28.7%。由此可知,赴海外留学已经成为一个大的趋势。海外留学经历可以提升学生的跨文化交际能力,跨文化敏感度,从而有可能影响到他们对矛盾冲突的认知,以及对处理矛盾冲突方式的选择。这篇文章旨在研究海外留学经历,跨文化敏感度以及矛盾冲突管理方式三者之间的关系。本文选取60名来自成都的大学生作为调查对象。他们中30人有赴美交换留学经历,另外30人没有。本文将同时采用调查法和半结构化采访,来调查参与者的文化敏感度及矛盾冲突管理方式的选择情况。本文采用的量具是Cuoming Chen和Starosta在2000年研发的跨文化敏感度量表及Rahim和Bonoma1979年设计的人际冲突管理模式量表。本文的主要目的是探索矛盾冲突管理方式与文化敏感度之间的关系。除此之外本文还将研究在美交流时间长短与跨文化敏感度高低之间的关系；组成跨文化敏感度的5个因素间的相互关系；本文还将对比两组被调查者的文化敏感度高低,以及对不同冲突管理方式的喜欢,来探索赴美留学经历对其文化敏感度和矛盾冲突管理方式选择的影响。本文发现综合式处理方式与文化敏感度呈正相关关系,这表明文化敏感度越高的人,越倾向于使用综合式来处理矛盾,综合式的方式能使产生矛盾的双方最终达到双赢的目的。独裁式和回避式与文化敏感度中交际信心、交际愉悦度以及文化差异认同感均呈负相关关系,与交际参与度和交际专注度呈正相关关系。这表明一个人在国际交往中越自信、越快乐、越尊重两国文化差异,在处理矛盾时,他将越不会采取独裁或者回避的态度。如果一个个体在国际交往中参与度和专注度越高,他越倾向于采取独裁和回避的态度来解决交际中的矛盾冲突。跨文化敏感度与屈从式之间无显性关系。数据显示,两组学生的跨文化敏感度都较高。两组学生在文化差异认同感、交际愉悦度两个维度的得分比在交际信心、交际参与度以及交际专注度的得分高。这表明被调查者在跨文化交际中对文化差异有很强的认同感,同时很享受跨文化交际,但是在交际中他们应该更加的自信和积极。在研究跨文化敏感度中5个因素之间的关系时作者发现,文化差异认同感与交际愉悦度这两个因素间呈强烈正相关关系。这意味着一个较能接受文化差异的人在国际交往中会较快乐。同时,在国际交往中,越快乐的人越倾向于接受文化差异。比较两组学生跨文化敏感度中每个因素的分值时,作者没有发现显著差异,这个结果表明出国经历以及在国外学习的时间长度对被调查者的跨文化敏感度并不一定会产生影响。与屈从式、回避式及独裁式相比,两组学生都表现的更倾向于选择综合式和妥协式来处理矛盾冲突。将两组学生在各个方式的分值做对比,发现他们在避让式方式的选择上存在显著差异,没有出国经历的学生更倾向于使用避让式。但是采访的数据显示在美国呆了一年和一年以上的被调查者,在回国之后,对矛盾的态度以及对矛盾冲突管理方式的选择都有了一定的改变。他们去美国之前认为矛盾是双方建立良好关系的障碍,而后来则认为只要用合适的方法处理矛盾,将会有利于建立双方良性的关系。他们也更加的倾向选择综合式的方法来处理矛盾冲突。
[Abstract]:With the development of science and society, our living environment has gradually become a "global village". In our life, learning, work may encounter the need to deal with the situation of foreigners. In such an environment, how to understand and have different cultural background of the people is is very important and necessary. Therefore, cultural sensitivity is also very important. Intercultural sensitivity is an indispensable part in intercultural communication. According to the Guoming Chen and Starosta (2000) intercultural sensitivity by the following 5 factors: social participation, cultural identity, social confidence, communication pleasure the sense of communicative focus. In the process of dealing with people, inevitable conflict, using different ways of treating contradictions will produce different results of.Rahim and Bonoma (1979) will deal with the contradictory way is divided into the following five A: integrated, authoritarian, compromise, yielding, avoidance.
From 1978 to 2012, more than 2 million 600 thousand Chinese students studied abroad. In 2012 there were only about 400 thousand Chinese students choose to study abroad.2012 to the year 2013, the United States a total of about 820 thousand overseas students, China students accounted for 28.7%. the study abroad has become a big trend. Overseas experience can enhance the cross culture the students' communicative competence, intercultural sensitivity, which may influence their perception of conflict, and the choice of the way of dealing with the conflicts. This article aims to study the experience of studying abroad, the relationship between intercultural sensitivity and conflict management style of the three.
This paper selected 60 college students from Chengdu as subjects. 30 of them have to exchange experiences in studying, 30 other people who were not. This paper also adopts the method of investigation and semi-structured interview, choice of management mode of cultural sensitivity and conflict to survey participants. The tools used in this paper is Cuoming Chen and Starosta in cross-cultural research 2000 sensitive interpersonal conflict management mode measurement table and Rahim and Bonoma1979 design. The main purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between conflict management style and cultural sensitivity. In addition this paper also studies the relationship between beauty exchange time and intercultural sensitivity; composition the relationship of the 5 factors of intercultural sensitivity among; this paper will also be compared between the two groups investigated the sensitivity of the culture, and the different conflict management style I like to explore the influence of the experience of studying in the United States on its cultural sensitivity and the choice of conflict management.
This paper found that the comprehensive treatment associated with culturally sensitive positive relationship, which shows that cultural sensitivity higher, more likely to deal with the contradictions in the use of a comprehensive, integrated approach enables both conflict and ultimately achieving a win-win objective. Dictatorship and avoidance and cultural sensitivity in interpersonal communication confidence. The degree of pleasure and cultural differences of identity were negatively related, and communicative participation and communication focus on the degree of positive correlation. This indicates that a person in international exchanges and confidence, more happy, more respect the cultural differences between the two countries, in dealing with the conflict, the more he not authoritarian or evasive attitude will be taken if an individual. Participation in international exchanges and the higher the degree of attention, he tends to adopt a dictatorship and evasive attitude to resolve the conflict in communication. No explicit relationship between intercultural sensitivity and submission.
Data show that two groups of students' intercultural sensitivity is high. The two groups of students in different cultural identity and communication pleasure in two dimension scores than in communicative confidence, communicative participation and communication focus of high score. This suggests that respondents have a strong sense of identity on the cultural differences in cross-cultural at the same time enjoy communication, intercultural communication, but in communication, they should be more confident and positive. The relationship between the 5 factors of cross cultural sensitivity in research the author found that cultural differences that a strong positive correlation between empathy and communicative pleasure between these two factors. This means that a can accept the cultural differences people are more happy in international exchanges. At the same time, in international exchanges, happier people are more inclined to accept the cultural differences between the two groups. Students' intercultural sensitivity in each factor score, the authors did not find There are significant differences. The results show that going abroad and the length of time studying abroad do not necessarily affect the cross-cultural sensitivity of the respondents.
And to avoid, and authoritarian compared two groups of students were more likely to choose to deal with conflict and compromise. The comprehensive comparison of two groups of students in various ways scores, they are found to have significant differences in the way of avoiding type choice, no country has the student is more likely to use avoiding type. But the interview data show that in the United States for a year and more than one year of respondents, in return, the contradiction between attitude and choice of conflict management style has changed. They went to the United States before that conflict is both to establish a good relationship and obstacles later, as long as the appropriate method to deal with conflicts, will be conducive to the establishment of the benign relationship. They are more inclined to choose an integrated approach to deal with conflicts.

【学位授予单位】：西南财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：G115

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