辜鸿铭国学思想研究

发布时间：2018-02-24 07:20

本文关键词： 辜鸿铭道德力良民宗教中西文明保守主义　出处：《重庆师范大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：辜鸿铭留给世人的是一个怪才的印象，他的怪表现在他的言行举止上，而才却是因为他的国学思想，他的国学思想主要是尊崇儒家传统文化道德，他认为儒教似宗教而非宗教，儒教不是宗教但却能像宗教一样去教化人民，因此他在儒家传统文化道德中提炼出个人观念就是中国人的精神，他认为中国人的精神主要表现在良民宗教。良民宗教有仁、礼、智、义、悌这五种品质，这些都是一个真正的中国人精神所必须具备的品德，拥有了这些品德也就拥有了一种最完美的力量——道德力。这种道德力也正是西方文化中缺少的，由于辜鸿铭深刻的了解西方文化，从中看到西方文明中的缺陷和不足，正是这些弊端导致了当时社会的战争不断，使得人民处于水深火热之中。辜鸿铭高瞻远瞩，胸怀天下人民，他极力的寻找中西文化中的差异，中国传统文化中重“义”，而西方文化重“利”，正是因为西方文化中的利导致当时世界上硝烟不断，正是因为这样导致西方社会的“群氓崇拜”。为此辜鸿铭也是第一个从中国文化中寻求解决西方近代化所出现的问题，用中国儒家思想塑造的具备良民宗教的人格力量去重新塑造西方的“群氓”，用这种完美的、强大的道德力来改变西方近代化产生的物质主义的痼疾。辜鸿铭极力推崇儒家思想，也使得人们认为他是顽固的保守主义者，探寻辜鸿铭幼年的经历以及在欧洲长达14年的游学经历对他的影响中我们可以看到，他的这种保守来源于当时欧洲社会浪漫主义，他的游学经历是辜鸿铭保守主义思想的萌芽时期，浪漫主义是形成辜鸿铭保守思想的关键。辜鸿铭的保守表现在对清朝和君臣制度的绝对忠诚，这也许是一种误解。他的这种忠诚其实是对于中华文明的忠诚，源于这样的忠诚他才能够维护中华传统文化的自尊，才能够警醒到国人，使人们不要忘记自己民族的优秀传统道德，而盲目的一味的追求西方社会的物质主义。在弘扬中华文明的同时辜鸿铭也并没有反对西方文明，他认为西方文明在上古时期和中国文明是有相似之处的，只是反对在现代社会中西方文化中出现的物质主义的泛滥，所以他希望中西方文化能够融合相互补充是想全人类的新文明，，给世界带来人性的美好。
[Abstract]:Gu Hongming left the world with the impression of a geek. His strange expression was in his words and deeds, but only because of his thought of Chinese culture, which mainly respected the traditional Confucian culture and morality. He believed that Confucianism was like religion rather than religion. Confucianism is not a religion, but it can educate the people just like religion. Therefore, he refined his personal concept from the traditional Confucian culture and morality, which is the spirit of the Chinese people. He believes that the Chinese spirit is mainly manifested in the good people's religion. Good people's religion has benevolence and propriety. The five qualities of intelligence, righteousness, and humanity, which are all the qualities that a true Chinese spirit must possess, have the most perfect force, the moral force, which is also lacking in Western culture. Because Gu Hongming deeply understood the western culture and saw the defects and deficiencies in the western civilization, it was these malpractices that led to the constant war of the society at that time and made the people in deep trouble. Gu Hongming has great foresight and heart for the people of the world. He tries his best to find the difference between Chinese and Western cultures. In Chinese traditional culture, he attaches great importance to "righteousness", while Western culture attaches great importance to "benefit", precisely because the benefits in western culture led to the constant smoke of gunpowder in the world at that time. It is precisely because this has led to the "mob worship" in Western societies. For this reason, Gu Hongming was the first to seek solutions from Chinese culture to the problems arising from the modernization of the West. Using the personality power of good people and religion created by Chinese Confucianism to remodel the "mob" of the West, and using this perfect and powerful moral force to change the chronic illness of materialism arising from the modernization of the West, Gu Hongming strongly advocated Confucianism. It also made people think he was a stubborn conservative, looking at Gu Hongming's childhood experience and his influence on him through 14 years of travel experience in Europe, which we can see that his conservatism came from European social romanticism at that time. His travel experience was the budding period of Gu Hongming's conservative thought, and romanticism was the key to the formation of Gu Hongming's conservative thought, which was manifested in his absolute loyalty to the Qing Dynasty and the monarch system. This may be a misunderstanding. His loyalty is actually loyalty to Chinese civilization, which is why he can safeguard the self-esteem of Chinese traditional culture and wake up the Chinese people. Make people not forget their excellent traditional morality, but blindly pursue the materialism of western society. While carrying forward the Chinese civilization, Gu Hongming did not oppose Western civilization. He believed that Western civilization had similarities with Chinese civilization in ancient times, but opposed the proliferation of materialism in modern society. Therefore, he hopes that Chinese and western cultures can merge and complement each other in the hope that the new civilization of all mankind will bring humanity to the world.
【学位授予单位】：重庆师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：G122

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