晴隆县长流乡苗族“催龙”仪式研究

发布时间：2018-03-26 16:58

本文选题：“催龙”仪式　切入点：仪式特点　出处：《贵州民族大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：祭祀是人们对祖先、神明等崇拜对象所行的礼仪,这种礼仪千百年来在民间相沿成俗,谓之祭祀习俗。本课题主要研究晴隆县长流乡苗族“催龙”仪式文化。“催龙”在当地民族中也称“迎龙催谢”、“包坟”,即孝家请当地先生择吉日到亡者墓地所进行的旨在沟通阴阳两界的仪式活动,届时孝家召集宗族、亲族、友邻等,在“先生”的主持下,借给坟墓添新土的机会再对亡灵做一次隆重的超度仪式。该仪式至今仍以活态形式存在于晴隆县长流乡苗族群体中,是当地民众极为重视的民俗文化事象之一。仪式是社会生活中最能给人以一种直观视觉冲击的展示民族文化的载体之一,是能够展示一个民族诸多文化信息的平台。本课题以晴隆县长流乡为田野点,在田野调查基础上对该地苗族民俗文化事象“催龙”仪式进行初步研究。研究的基本内容为:“催龙”仪式开展缘由、“催龙”仪式过程、仪式后相关工作等。该文以长流乡苗族一场“催龙”仪式为具体个案,在文献资料和田野调查资料的基础上,结合民族学、人类学等学科相关理论,对“催龙”仪式进行一个初步探索。基于此,笔者拟从绪论、正文(第一至五章)、余论(结语)三部分对“催龙”仪式展开论述。绪论:主要讲述本选题缘由及意义、相关研究综述、研究方法和田野点选择等情况。第一章:根据文献资料和田野调查资料对晴隆县长流乡苗族文化概况进行描述,即“催龙”仪式生存的自然与文化生境情况。主要讲述晴隆县长流乡地理概况、苗族祖源族源及分布情况、苗族其他相关文化事象概况等。第二章:以晴隆县长流乡苗族的“催龙”仪式为研究个案,对该仪式过程进行详细描述。该仪式从内容上分为三大部分:即仪式前事主家及先生所做的准备工作、仪式过程、仪式后相关工作。第三章:根据“催龙”仪式的内容对其所蕴含的文化特性进行初步分析,主要论述了“催龙”仪式的神圣性、邻里互助性、二次超度性、重“孝”性、生死并重性等仪式特点。此外,就长流苗族族“催龙”仪式与春节、清明节、中元节等其他时间段祭祀祖先的仪式活动进行对比分析。第四章:从人类学民族学视域出发,运用场域理论、象征符号理论、功能理论等理论对“催龙”仪式进行学理分析。第五章:从信仰文化角度论述“催龙”仪式在长流苗族群体信仰文化中的地位,在此基础上尝试将“催龙”仪式之于非物质文化遗产视角,探讨“催龙”仪式的非物质文化遗产性,进而对“催龙”仪式的非遗价值进行分析。余论:是文章的结语部分,在回顾前文的基础上对文章做一个简单总结。
[Abstract]:Sacrifice is the ritual that people have done to their ancestors, deities, and other objects of worship, which have been popular among the people for thousands of years. This subject mainly studies the ritual culture of the Miao nationality in Changliu Township, Qinglong County, which is also called "welcoming the Dragon to urge thanks" and "wrapping the Tombs" among the local ethnic groups, that is, the filial piety family invites the local students to choose the auspicious day to go to the cemetery of the deceased. The ceremony aimed at connecting Yin and Yang, At that time, the filial piety will gather clans, relatives, friends, neighbors, etc. Under the auspices of "Mr.", the family will lend the tomb the opportunity to add new soil to the tomb and make a grand ceremony of surpassing the dead. The ceremony still exists in the Hmong community of Changliu Township in Qinglong County today. Ritual is one of the most intuitive visual impact of social life to show the carrier of national culture. It is a platform that can display many cultural information of a nation. This topic takes Changliu Township in Qinglong County as a field point. On the basis of field investigation, this paper makes a preliminary study on the ritual of "promoting dragon", which is the folk cultural event of the Miao nationality in this area. The basic contents of the study are as follows: the reason of "promoting dragon" ceremony, the process of "promoting dragon" ritual, This article takes a "dragon rush" ceremony of the Miao nationality in Changliu Township as a specific case, based on the literature and field investigation materials, combining the relevant theories of ethnology, anthropology and other disciplines. On the basis of this, the author intends to discuss the ritual of "urging the dragon" from three parts: introduction, chapter one to five and conclusion. Introduction: the reason and significance of this topic. The first chapter: according to the literature and field investigation data to describe the cultural situation of Miao nationality in Changliu Township of Qinglong County. That is, the natural and cultural habitat for the ritual survival of the dragon, mainly about the geographical situation of Changliu Township in Qinglong County, the origin and distribution of the Miao ancestors, Chapter two: taking the ritual of the Miao nationality in Changliu Township of Qinglong County as a case study, The procedure is described in detail. The ceremony is divided into three parts: the preparatory work done by the victim and his husband before the ceremony, the procedure of the ceremony, Chapter three: according to the contents of the "dragon rush" ceremony, the author makes a preliminary analysis of its cultural characteristics, and mainly discusses the sacredness, neighborhood mutuality, secondary surpassing, and filial piety of the "dragon promoting" ceremony, which is mainly concerned with the sacredness of the ritual, the mutuality of neighbors, and the emphasis on "filial piety". In addition, the ritual of "promoting dragon" in Changliu Miao nationality is compared with the ritual activities of offering sacrifices to ancestors in Spring Festival, Ching Ming Festival, Ghost Festival and other time periods. Chapter four: from the perspective of anthropological ethnology, a comparative analysis is made of the ritual activities of sacrificing ancestors in the long stream and Miao ethnic groups. Using the field theory, symbolic symbol theory, function theory and so on, the author makes a theoretical analysis of the ritual of "promoting dragon". Chapter five: from the perspective of belief culture, discusses the role of "promoting dragon" ceremony in the belief culture of Changliu and Miao ethnic group. On this basis, the author tries to discuss the intangible cultural heritage of the ritual of "promoting the dragon" from the perspective of intangible cultural heritage, and then analyzes the value of the ritual of "promoting the dragon". The last part is the conclusion of the article. On the basis of reviewing the previous article to make a simple summary of the article.
【学位授予单位】：贵州民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B933;K892.26

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