美国文化战争—虚构还是事实？

发布时间：2018-05-05 21:12

本文选题：文化战争 + 虚构　；参考：《上海外国语大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：美国社会一些典型的核心价值观并非一脉相承沿袭所得，而是在历史长河中经过不断磨合冲突而形成。20世纪末至今，美国社会中一直存在着对于价值观的争论并被广泛称为“文化战争”，对美国当代社会、政治、文化产生了重要的影响。美国文化战争主要以争论、政治竞选活动等形式展开，争论焦点集中在堕胎、同性恋、肯定性运动等社会和道德问题。争论中各方观点不一，有人认为美国在社会、政治和文化领域已出现严重分歧，文化战争是决定美国将来命运的道德决定权之争；也有人认为美国从未极端化，文化战争只是政治精英引导、媒体渲染的产物。本论文分析了美国文化战争产生的宗教根源及政治背景，重点分析研究了堕胎和同性恋这两个焦点问题，以呈现文化战争中各方的观点。同时，，本论文也分析了近年来针对文化战争本身所出现的反思，即认为文化战争是一场虚幻的战争。通过参阅论著及近30年来美国社会文化问题的各种调研数据，本论文详细分析了美国普通民众对堕胎和同性恋等文化战争中焦点问题的观点及大众的真实想法，并与政界、学界的观点做了对比。美国文化战争自20世纪末延续至今，其对美国社会和文化并未产生根本性的改变，但却是深入了解美国社会文化的一个很好的视角。本论文研究发现，美国宗教、道德和文化的多元性造成了美国社会存在一定的文化冲突，但美国并未因此而极端分化，因为大多数普通民众在很多社会文化问题上都持中立态度，并没有很坚定的观点和立场。美国文化战争更多地由政治精英所推动，并在媒体的推波助澜下影响不断升级扩大，其背后还有选举政治、利益集团和媒体政治的作用。
[Abstract]:Some of the typical core values of American society are not inherited, but formed in the end of the 20th century after continuous conflict in the course of history. There has always been a debate on values in American society, which has been widely referred to as "cultural war", which has had an important impact on contemporary American society, politics and culture. American cultural wars are mainly in the form of debates, political campaigns, etc. The debate focuses on social and moral issues such as abortion, homosexuality, affirmative movement and so on. Some people think that the United States has had serious differences in the social, political and cultural fields, and that the cultural war is the moral right to decide the future fate of the United States. Others think that the United States has never been extremist. The cultural war is only the product of the political elite leading and media exaggerating. This paper analyzes the religious origin and political background of the American Cultural War and focuses on the two focal issues of abortion and homosexuality in order to present the views of all sides in the Cultural War. At the same time, this thesis also analyzes the reflection of the cultural war itself in recent years, that is, the cultural war is an illusory war. By referring to the literature and various research data on social and cultural issues in the United States over the past 30 years, this paper analyzes in detail the views of ordinary Americans on the focus of cultural wars, such as abortion and homosexuality, as well as the true views of the general public, and political circles. The academic view has made the contrast. Since the end of the 20th century, the American Cultural War has not fundamentally changed American society and culture, but it is a good perspective to deeply understand American social culture. This paper finds that the diversity of religion, morality and culture in the United States has caused a certain cultural conflict in American society, but the United States has not been extremely divided because of this. Because most ordinary people on many social and cultural issues are neutral, and do not have very firm views and positions. The cultural war in the United States is driven more by the political elite, and the influence of the media is escalating and expanding. There is also the role of election politics, interest groups and media politics behind it.
【学位授予单位】：上海外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：G171.2

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