激情的消逝—论英国决斗之风的没落
发布时间:2018-06-04 11:54
本文选题:决斗 + 荣誉 ; 参考:《华东师范大学》2014年硕士论文
【摘要】:决斗的风俗起源于公元6世纪初的欧洲,因受到西方上流社会的青睐而广泛盛行于英伦三岛和欧洲大陆。然而,在历经了十几个世纪的发展变化之后,它最终在西方社会现代化大潮的冲击下走向了消亡。在西方主要国家中,英国的决斗风俗最早衰败,这与近代的英国一直在经济和科技方面处于欧洲的领先地位不无关系。本文旨在探析英国决斗之风没落的过程与原因,意图结合英国的社会环境,人们的思想观念展开论述。 本文由绪论、正文和结语三部分构成: 绪论介绍了本文的参考文献来源,梳理了国内外学者对英国决斗之风没落的研究历史和现状。 正文共分为三章。第一章简单介绍了决斗之风的来源和发展过程以及后期决斗形式的变化和数量的减少。最初的决斗是“神裁法”的一种表现形式,决斗的发展大体分为三个阶段,即“司法决斗”、“骑士决斗”、“荣誉决斗”。荣誉决斗在英国曾经盛极一时,但从18世纪中期开始,荣誉决斗的数量开始逐步减少,同时其特征也开始变化,部分绅士开始采用道歉和开空枪的方式减少决斗的伤亡。 第二章主要介绍了英国17、18世纪的反决斗运动。荣誉决斗自传入英国之日起,便遭到了英国本土各方势力的“围剿”。包括英国的武术教师、国王及其幕僚、基督教人士等等。各方怀着不同的准则和目的与荣誉决斗理论的支持者展开了激烈的论战,为之后决斗的没落奠定了理论基础。 第三章介绍了英国18世纪末到19世纪中期的社会环境对决斗没落的影响。此时,无论是法律、媒体还是市民社会都对决斗嗤之以鼻。法庭逐渐对决斗者不再宽容,媒体对决斗大肆嘲讽,认为其愚昧且过时,宽敞的街道和照明设施的运用使得人们不易发生碰撞冲突,绅士们更加注重隐私,羞于当街展示暴力。这种文明进步的过程加速了决斗的没落。 结语部分笔者从英国的地理位置和文化特征方面分析决斗的没落,并将其放入了英国社会转型和时代变迁的大背景之下观察,表达了些许感想。
[Abstract]:Duel customs originated in Europe in the early 6th century AD and were popular among the three British Isles and the European continent because of their popularity in the upper class of the West. However, after more than ten centuries of development and change, it finally died out under the impact of the tide of modernization in western society. Among the major Western countries, the British duel custom first declined, which is related to the economic and technological leading position of modern Britain in Europe. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the process and causes of the decline of duel in Britain, and to discuss the ideas of people in the light of the social environment of Britain. This paper is composed of three parts: introduction, text and conclusion. The introduction introduces the reference sources of this paper, and combs the history and present situation of the research on the decline of British duel wind at home and abroad. The text is divided into three chapters. The first chapter briefly introduces the origin and development process of duel style and the change and decrease of duel form in later stage. The development of duel was divided into three stages: judicial duel, knight duel and honor duel. Honor duel was once very popular in England, but from the middle of 18th century, the number of honor duel began to decrease gradually, and its characteristics began to change, some gentlemen began to use apology and empty gun to reduce the casualties of duel. The second chapter mainly introduces the anti-duel movement in England in the 17 th century. Honor duel from the day it was introduced into Britain, the British forces on all sides of the "encirclement and suppression." Including British martial arts teachers, the King and his staff, Christian people, and so on. With different criteria and purposes, various parties engaged in fierce debates with supporters of honor duel theory, which laid a theoretical foundation for the subsequent decline of duel. The third chapter introduces the impact of the social environment on duel decline from the end of the 18 th century to the middle of the 19 th century. At this point, both the law, the media and civil society are sniffing at the duel. The courts are becoming less tolerant of duelists, with the media mocking the duels as foolish and outdated, the use of spacious streets and lighting making it less likely to collide, and gentlemen more private and shy of showing violence in the streets. This process of civilization progress hastened the decline of the duel. In the conclusion part, the author analyzes the decline of duel from the aspects of British geographical location and cultural characteristics, and puts it under the background of the British social transformation and the change of the times, and expresses some thoughts.
【学位授予单位】:华东师范大学
【学位级别】:硕士
【学位授予年份】:2014
【分类号】:K895.61
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