我国传统婚书演变研究

发布时间：2018-06-04 15:07

本文选题：传统婚书 + 定婚书　；参考：《上海师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：婚书是传统婚姻中的重要组成部分,能折射出传统的婚姻仪式、婚姻观念、社会习俗等内容。本文以传统婚书为出发点,选取了定婚书、婚姻关系解除文书和特殊婚姻契约这三类传统婚书作为研究对象,在分析传统婚书概念、功能与起源的基础上,着重探究传统婚书演变趋势及其启示,主体研究内容包括以下几个部分:第一部分:传统婚书及起源探究。婚礼中出于对婚姻关系证明的需要,就需要婚书来扮演这一个角色。由于婚姻的缔结分为合法合礼以及非法非礼两种,因此婚书也分为两类:一类是为法、礼接受,并为社会承认的婚书,包括定婚书、休书等;一类是法、礼之外,却符合社会风俗的婚书,包括典卖妻约、招赘书、童养媳文书、冥婚书等。传统婚书具有婚姻凭证、契约证明以及体现礼法等功能。婚书是伴随着婚俗的出现而产生的,其直接的源头便是婚礼。第二部分:传统婚书演变趋势及其原因分析。这一部分着重探讨定婚书、婚姻关系解除文书和特殊婚姻契约的演变趋势及其演变原因。首先是定婚书的演变趋势,定婚书从先秦到民国定婚书在格式上逐渐形成一定程式,但每个朝代在具形式上有不同,如相对于宋代,元代在保留了草贴、定帖的基础上,又出现了写明聘礼的“礼物状”,在明朝“礼物状”则被称为“聘礼仪书”等;而在语言方面,从魏晋到唐宋,定婚书的语言比较华丽,多虚词套话,元代逐渐向语言朴实、明了转变。定婚书的这种演变趋势和一定时期的语言习惯、社会风气无不相关。婚姻关系解除文书演变的趋势和原因大致和定婚书相仿。究其根源,特殊婚姻契约本身是契约的一种,必须写清双方相关的义务和权利,不需要太多的浮词华语。第三部分:传统婚书演变的启示。一方面,传统婚书是承载婚俗礼仪变迁的具象。在婚俗方面,先秦到两汉婚姻关系中体现出重礼的观念,到了魏晋南北朝时期更加重视门第,而从唐朝开始尤其是在宋代以后,人们在婚姻关系中更加重视利,即看重彩礼和嫁妆等。另一方面,传统婚书是折射妇女地位起伏的镜子。在社会地位上,古代妇女基本是处于劣势,是男性的附属品,而不同时期妇女的地位有相对的高低之分,传统婚书正好是一面反射镜。最后为结语,通过结语对文章的脉络进行了梳理,总结本文研究的不足与今后研究打算。
[Abstract]:Marriage document is an important part of traditional marriage, which can reflect the traditional marriage ceremony, concept of marriage, social customs and so on. This article takes the traditional marriage document as the starting point, selects three kinds of traditional marriage documents as the research object, including the engagement document, the marriage dissolution document and the special marriage contract, on the basis of analyzing the concept, function and origin of the traditional marriage document. The main research contents include the following parts: the first part: the traditional marriage book and its origin. Marriage documents are needed to play this role for the sake of proof of marriage. Since marriage can be concluded into two categories: legal marriage and illegal indecent assault, marriage documents are also classified into two categories: one is the marriage document, which is accepted by law, accepted by ceremony, and recognized by the society, including the marriage contract, the divorce document, etc.; the other is the law, the ceremony, and so on. But in line with the social customs of marriage, including the sale of a wife contract, recruitment, child brides, marriage documents, and so on. The traditional marriage documents have the functions of marriage certificate, contract proof and ritual law. Marriage document is accompanied by the appearance of marriage customs, its direct source is the wedding. The second part: the evolution trend of the traditional marriage document and its reason analysis. This part mainly discusses the evolution trend and reasons of marriage contract, marriage dissolution document and special marriage contract. First of all, the evolution trend of the engagement book, from the pre-Qin to the Republic of China, the form of engagement gradually formed a certain program, but each dynasty has different form, such as compared to the Song Dynasty, the Yuan Dynasty in the retention of grass paste, fixed the basis of the placard. In the Ming Dynasty, "gift form" was called "engagement etiquette book". In language aspect, from Wei, Jin to Tang and Song dynasties, the language of engagement book was quite gorgeous, and many function words were stereotyped, and the Yuan Dynasty gradually became plain language. Understand the change. The evolution of engagement books and language habits in a certain period of time, social ethos are all related. The trend and reasons of the dissolution of marriage documents are similar to the engagement documents. The special marriage contract itself is a kind of contract, which must be clearly written about the obligations and rights of both parties, and does not need too many floating words in Chinese. The third part: the enlightenment of the evolution of the traditional marriage document. On the one hand, the traditional marriage document is the embodiment of the change of wedding etiquette. In the aspect of marriage custom, the marriage relationship between pre-Qin and Han Dynasty embodied the concept of emphasizing ceremony, and in the period of Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern dynasties, more attention was paid to the family, and from the Tang Dynasty, especially after the Song Dynasty, people paid more attention to the interest in the marriage relationship. That is, the bride price and dowry and so on. On the other hand, the traditional marriage document is a mirror reflecting the ups and downs of women's status. In terms of social status, ancient women were basically at a disadvantage and an accessory to men, but the status of women in different periods was relatively high and low, and the traditional marriage document was just a mirror. Finally, the conclusion, through the conclusion of the article to sort out, summed up the shortcomings of this study and future research plans.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K892.22

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