俄罗斯庄园文化特色研究
发布时间：2018-08-16 09:24
【摘要】：作为文化意义上的俄罗斯庄园兴起于18世纪中叶,在叶卡捷琳娜二世执政时期达到鼎盛。20世纪前期却因历史原因,遭到空前的破坏和损毁,得以幸存的庄园愈显弥足珍贵。俄罗斯庄园具有极高的研究价值,它是集建筑、园林、雕塑、绘画、戏剧、文学等艺术形式为一体的综合文化载体。俄罗斯庄园体现了俄罗斯深厚的文化底蕴,反映了俄罗斯民族的审美情感、精神风貌与文化发展水准,在俄罗斯社会的舞台上扮演着重要角色,产生了深远影响。 庄园文化涵盖于俄罗斯文化整体之中,同时,也为俄罗斯文化的繁荣起到积极的推动作用。众多的文学家、艺术家、评论家等深受俄罗斯庄园文化的熏陶：他们或是从小在庄园里长大,深受庄园文化熏陶；或是以庄园为舞台,在此表演、创作与谈论。由此可见,庄园是这些文人学者们杰出成就的沃土和摇篮。 读者从俄罗斯文学作品中读到了庄园的美,也感受到作者心中寄托于庄园的独特的深厚情感。在这些著作中,俄罗斯庄园呈现出和谐、宁静、美好的文化形态,令人心之向往。由此可见,庄园文化对俄罗斯文学艺术界所产生的影响不可小觑。庄园因其高尚的审美情操、独特的艺术魅力在俄罗斯社会中占据重要地位,不仅仅体现在庄园文化元素的多面性,更重要的是,它反映了整个俄罗斯民族在历史发展中所形成的双面性——开放与兼容并存、宗教与传统影响的民族性格。 俄罗斯庄园作为凝固的文化元素,承载和反映了俄罗斯民族在不同时期的历史风貌、文化品味等等,是俄罗斯文化史上一颗璀灿的明珠。俄罗斯庄园文化对于我们更好的了解俄罗斯民族,研究俄罗斯民族的历史发展和性格特点,意义重大。 与此同时,俄罗斯庄园文化作为一种美的显著表现,具有极高的美学研究价值。近年来,许多学者致力于俄罗斯美学发展问题研究,运用美学原理就建筑等方面的艺术特征重点进行了分析。但运用美学理论体系对庄园文化进行诠释并不多见,因而,在这个问题上的深入探索将会是是研究俄罗斯文化的创新与突破。 俄罗斯本土对庄园文化的研究比较深刻,早在18、19世纪就已经出现了多部描写庄园生活的文章,如为世人所熟知的屠格涅夫《贵族之家》小说系列。1922年以艺术理论家兹古拉为首,组建了俄罗斯庄园研究会,在俄罗斯庄园史研究中起到了重要作用。1980年初,出现了一些研究俄罗斯资本主义时期贵族及庄园的作品。从80年代中期开始,对于俄罗斯贵族庄园的研究趋向于客观化,俄罗斯女作家拜布洛娃的作品《18世纪的俄国庄园：作为同时代人的内心世界的反映》就是一个很好的例子。1992年俄罗斯庄园研究学会重建,旨在更好的保护和延续俄罗斯庄园文化,拉斯卡佐娃作为庄园研究学会成员之一,提出把庄园作为文化-历史现象来研究,这一观念得到普遍赞同。近十年来,俄罗斯本土对庄园的研究融入到了历史学、建筑学、艺术学、文化学等各个方面,并取得了显著成绩。 中国学者对俄罗斯庄园文化有一定研究,但相对而言,不够全面和深入。具有代表意义的文章或作品有：储诚意于2004年在《俄语学习》中发表的文章《俄罗斯的庄园文化》、杨玉明于2009年在《沈阳建筑大学学报》(社会科学版)中发表的文章《俄罗斯庄园文化漫谈》、杨颖于2010年发表的文章《浅谈俄罗斯庄园文化》、王茜于2007年在《黑龙江社会科学》中发表的文章《俄罗斯庄园研究状况综述》、郑倩华于2007年在《俄语学习》发表的文章《俄罗斯百年庄园漫谈》等等。这些作品都很好地描述了俄罗斯庄园文化的特色所在,并予以简要说明,但对于俄罗斯庄园的历史流变、俄罗斯庄园包含的美学思想、俄罗斯庄园所体现的民族特性等方面极少涉及,由此,本研究拟从俄罗斯庄园文化特色出发,阐述其演变、发展过程,并深入探索其内在的美学思想和民族精神。 本文主要由三部分组成：前言,正文和结论。 在前言部分我们将介绍本文的研究现状、研究任务及其研究目的。 正文由四个章节构成：第一章描写俄罗斯庄园概况,本章节主要阐述俄罗斯庄园历史流变和俄罗斯庄园分布情况,精细梳理俄罗斯庄园产生、发展、衰败的历史,引用权威理论并慎密推断出本文论证的庄园概念范围,同时,以具有代表意义的几个贵族庄园为范例,通过具体的描述初步建立对庄园文化的概念；第二章从园林、建筑、雕塑、绘画、戏剧、文学等几方面具体论证俄罗斯庄园文化特色,尤其着眼于最为凸显特色的园林、建筑、绘画、戏剧艺术,并列举了皇村、库斯科沃庄园、塔尔罕内庄园等一系列著名贵族庄园进行论证,旨在强调俄罗斯庄园文化特色的巨大价值所在；第三章运用唯物主义美学思想对俄罗斯庄园文化特色进行分析,在本章中,将俄罗斯庄园看作美的客观存在,结合黑格尔美学思想及朱光潜美学思想中的唯物主义部分,深入探索俄罗斯庄园美学内涵,揭示出庄园美学的主客观统一性和历史存在性；第四章展示俄罗斯庄园文化在俄国社会中的地位和影响。本章旨在突出俄罗斯庄园文化特色与俄罗斯民族性格之间的必然联系,揭示出二者相辅成、互为依托的复杂关系,提高庄园文化研究内在高度。 最后,对于俄罗斯庄园文化进行总结和概括,点出本文的精髓与特色所在。 由于本人经验不足,学识有限,资料尚缺,文中的一些观点有待挖掘和商榷,缺点错误,恳请批评指正。
[Abstract]:As a cultural sense, Russian manor rose in the middle of the 18th century and reached its peak during the reign of Yekaterina II. However, due to historical reasons, the early 20th century was destroyed and damaged unprecedentedly, and the surviving manor became more and more precious. Russian manor has a high research value, it is a collection of architecture, gardens, sculpture, painting, drama. Russian manor embodies the profound cultural background of Russia, reflects the aesthetic feelings of the Russian nation, spiritual style and cultural development level, plays an important role in the stage of Russian society and has a far-reaching impact.
Manor culture covers the whole Russian culture, but also plays a positive role in promoting the prosperity of Russian culture. Many writers, artists, critics and so on are deeply influenced by Russian manor culture: they grew up in the manor, deeply influenced by the manor culture; or the manor as a stage, in this performance, create. From this point of view, the manor is the fertile land and cradle of these outstanding scholars and scholars.
The reader has read the beauty of the manor in Russian literary works, and has also felt the author's unique deep feelings in the manor. In these works, the Russian manor presents a harmonious, tranquil, beautiful cultural form, which makes people yearn for. Thus, the influence of the manor culture on the Russian literary and artistic circles can not be underestimated. The manor occupies an important position in Russian society because of its noble aesthetic sentiment and unique artistic charm. It not only reflects the multifaceted cultural elements of the manor, but also reflects the dual character of the whole Russian nation in its historical development, that is, the coexistence of openness and compatibility, the influence of religion and tradition.
As a solidified cultural element, Russian manor bears and reflects the historical features and cultural tastes of the Russian nation in different periods. It is a brilliant pearl in the history of Russian culture. Big.
In recent years, many scholars have devoted themselves to the study of the development of Russian aesthetics, using aesthetic principles to analyze the artistic features of architecture and other aspects, but using aesthetic theory system to interpret the manor culture is not so valuable. Therefore, the further exploration on this issue will be to study the innovation and breakthrough of Russian culture.
As early as the 18th and 19th centuries, there were many articles describing the life of the manor, such as Turgenev's novel series "The House of the Aristocrats". In 1922, the art theorist Zigula led the establishment of the Russian Manor Research Society, which played a role in the study of the history of the Russian manor. In the early 1980s, there were some works on the aristocracy and manor of the Russian capitalist period. Since the mid-1980s, the study on the aristocratic manor of Russia has tended to objectify. The works of the Russian woman writer Bybrova < The Russian Manor of the 18th Century: A reflection of the inner world of contemporaries < is one of them. A good example. In 1992, the Russian Institute of Manor Studies was rebuilt to better protect and continue the Russian manor culture. Laskazova, as a member of the Institute of Manor Studies, proposed to study the manor as a cultural-historical phenomenon. This concept has been generally accepted. In the past decade, the study of manor in Russia has been integrated into the study of Manor culture. History, architecture, art, culture, and other aspects, and achieved remarkable results.
Chinese scholars have done some research on Russian manor culture, but relatively speaking, it is not comprehensive and in-depth. The representative articles or works are: Chu Chengyi's article "Russian manor culture" published in "Russian study" in 2004, Yang Yuming's article in "Journal of Shenyang Architectural University" (Social Science Edition) published in 2009. These works are all very good. Describes the characteristics of Russian manor culture, and gives a brief explanation, but for the historical changes of Russian manor, Russian manor contains aesthetic ideas, Russian manor embodied in the national characteristics are rarely involved, so this study is intended to start from the characteristics of Russian manor culture, elaborate its evolution, development process, and in-depth. To explore its inherent aesthetic ideas and national spirit.
This paper consists of three parts: preface, main body and conclusion.
In the preface, we will introduce the research status, research tasks and research purposes of this paper.
The text consists of four chapters: The first chapter describes the general situation of Russian manor. This chapter mainly expounds the historical changes of Russian manor and the distribution of Russian manor. Several aristocratic manors are exemplified, and the concept of manor culture is preliminarily established through specific description; Chapter 2 demonstrates the characteristics of Russian manor culture from garden, architecture, sculpture, painting, drama, literature and other aspects, especially focusing on the most distinctive gardens, architecture, painting, drama art, and lists the Imperial Village, Kusko. A series of famous aristocratic manors, such as Vo Manor and Tarhanne Manor, are demonstrated in order to emphasize the great value of the cultural characteristics of Russian manor. Chapter three analyzes the cultural characteristics of Russian manor by using the materialistic aesthetic thought. In this chapter, Russian manor is regarded as an objective existence of beauty, and Hegel's aesthetic thought is combined with it. And the materialism part of Zhu Guangqian's aesthetic thought, deeply explores the aesthetic connotation of Russian manor, reveals the subjective and objective unity and historical existence of Russian manor aesthetics; the fourth chapter shows the status and influence of Russian manor culture in Russian society. The inevitable relationship between them reveals the complex relationship between them, which is complementary and interdependent, and improves the internal level of the study of manor culture.
Finally, summarize and summarize the culture of Russian manor, and point out the essence and characteristics of this article.
Due to my inexperience, limited knowledge and lack of information, some of the views in this paper need to be explored and discussed, shortcomings and errors, please criticize and correct.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：G151.2
本文编号：2185568
[Abstract]:As a cultural sense, Russian manor rose in the middle of the 18th century and reached its peak during the reign of Yekaterina II. However, due to historical reasons, the early 20th century was destroyed and damaged unprecedentedly, and the surviving manor became more and more precious. Russian manor has a high research value, it is a collection of architecture, gardens, sculpture, painting, drama. Russian manor embodies the profound cultural background of Russia, reflects the aesthetic feelings of the Russian nation, spiritual style and cultural development level, plays an important role in the stage of Russian society and has a far-reaching impact.
Manor culture covers the whole Russian culture, but also plays a positive role in promoting the prosperity of Russian culture. Many writers, artists, critics and so on are deeply influenced by Russian manor culture: they grew up in the manor, deeply influenced by the manor culture; or the manor as a stage, in this performance, create. From this point of view, the manor is the fertile land and cradle of these outstanding scholars and scholars.
The reader has read the beauty of the manor in Russian literary works, and has also felt the author's unique deep feelings in the manor. In these works, the Russian manor presents a harmonious, tranquil, beautiful cultural form, which makes people yearn for. Thus, the influence of the manor culture on the Russian literary and artistic circles can not be underestimated. The manor occupies an important position in Russian society because of its noble aesthetic sentiment and unique artistic charm. It not only reflects the multifaceted cultural elements of the manor, but also reflects the dual character of the whole Russian nation in its historical development, that is, the coexistence of openness and compatibility, the influence of religion and tradition.
As a solidified cultural element, Russian manor bears and reflects the historical features and cultural tastes of the Russian nation in different periods. It is a brilliant pearl in the history of Russian culture. Big.
In recent years, many scholars have devoted themselves to the study of the development of Russian aesthetics, using aesthetic principles to analyze the artistic features of architecture and other aspects, but using aesthetic theory system to interpret the manor culture is not so valuable. Therefore, the further exploration on this issue will be to study the innovation and breakthrough of Russian culture.
As early as the 18th and 19th centuries, there were many articles describing the life of the manor, such as Turgenev's novel series "The House of the Aristocrats". In 1922, the art theorist Zigula led the establishment of the Russian Manor Research Society, which played a role in the study of the history of the Russian manor. In the early 1980s, there were some works on the aristocracy and manor of the Russian capitalist period. Since the mid-1980s, the study on the aristocratic manor of Russia has tended to objectify. The works of the Russian woman writer Bybrova < The Russian Manor of the 18th Century: A reflection of the inner world of contemporaries < is one of them. A good example. In 1992, the Russian Institute of Manor Studies was rebuilt to better protect and continue the Russian manor culture. Laskazova, as a member of the Institute of Manor Studies, proposed to study the manor as a cultural-historical phenomenon. This concept has been generally accepted. In the past decade, the study of manor in Russia has been integrated into the study of Manor culture. History, architecture, art, culture, and other aspects, and achieved remarkable results.
Chinese scholars have done some research on Russian manor culture, but relatively speaking, it is not comprehensive and in-depth. The representative articles or works are: Chu Chengyi's article "Russian manor culture" published in "Russian study" in 2004, Yang Yuming's article in "Journal of Shenyang Architectural University" (Social Science Edition) published in 2009. These works are all very good. Describes the characteristics of Russian manor culture, and gives a brief explanation, but for the historical changes of Russian manor, Russian manor contains aesthetic ideas, Russian manor embodied in the national characteristics are rarely involved, so this study is intended to start from the characteristics of Russian manor culture, elaborate its evolution, development process, and in-depth. To explore its inherent aesthetic ideas and national spirit.
This paper consists of three parts: preface, main body and conclusion.
In the preface, we will introduce the research status, research tasks and research purposes of this paper.
The text consists of four chapters: The first chapter describes the general situation of Russian manor. This chapter mainly expounds the historical changes of Russian manor and the distribution of Russian manor. Several aristocratic manors are exemplified, and the concept of manor culture is preliminarily established through specific description; Chapter 2 demonstrates the characteristics of Russian manor culture from garden, architecture, sculpture, painting, drama, literature and other aspects, especially focusing on the most distinctive gardens, architecture, painting, drama art, and lists the Imperial Village, Kusko. A series of famous aristocratic manors, such as Vo Manor and Tarhanne Manor, are demonstrated in order to emphasize the great value of the cultural characteristics of Russian manor. Chapter three analyzes the cultural characteristics of Russian manor by using the materialistic aesthetic thought. In this chapter, Russian manor is regarded as an objective existence of beauty, and Hegel's aesthetic thought is combined with it. And the materialism part of Zhu Guangqian's aesthetic thought, deeply explores the aesthetic connotation of Russian manor, reveals the subjective and objective unity and historical existence of Russian manor aesthetics; the fourth chapter shows the status and influence of Russian manor culture in Russian society. The inevitable relationship between them reveals the complex relationship between them, which is complementary and interdependent, and improves the internal level of the study of manor culture.
Finally, summarize and summarize the culture of Russian manor, and point out the essence and characteristics of this article.
Due to my inexperience, limited knowledge and lack of information, some of the views in this paper need to be explored and discussed, shortcomings and errors, please criticize and correct.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：G151.2
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