波兰1944年华沙起义研究

发布时间：2018-03-27 21:09

本文选题：华沙起义　切入点：起义的背景　出处：《陕西师范大学》2007年硕士论文

【摘要】： 1944年的华沙起义不仅仅表现为一场波兰人民争取民族独立的反法西斯斗争，更为重要的是它反映了大国在东欧的争夺和角逐。起义的失败使“波兰问题”在事实上得以解决。但长期以来由于历史的原因，对“华沙起义”这一事件的研究相对薄弱，对起义爆发的原因以及对起义的评价等问题依然存在着激烈的争论，因此研究华沙起义有着重要的意义。在材料方面，随着苏联的解体和波兰国内体制的转变，有关华沙起义的大批档案得以公开，，这为进一步研究华沙起义提供了丰富的史料；同时，随着纪念华沙起义60周年活动的开展，大批起义参加者的回忆录及口述材料又为研究华沙起义提供了翔实的参考资料，正是在这些材料之上本研究才得以开展。本文主要通过对华沙起义爆发背景的分析，指出起义的发生除了国际方面的有利原因外，还有波兰自身深刻的政治和意识形态方面的原因，起义的发生既是波兰国内政治斗争的结果，也是波兰流亡政府长期战略准备的结果，起义的发生也有深刻的历史原因。起义最终由地下政府发动，在指导思想上贯彻了波兰传统的“两个敌人”原则，这些导致了起义有双重的政治目标，“在军事上反希特勒，在政治上反对苏联”。由于战时特殊的环境，以及流亡政府内部的纷争，使得起义计划明显带有理想主义色彩，忽视了在地缘政治下苏联对波兰的影响力，最终导致起义走向失败。起义经过不是本文的写作重点，但起义过程同样重要，它不仅反映了起义组织方面存在的问题，同时也折射出了民众对起义态度的变化，从总体上体现了华沙起义的性质。本文重点分析了盟国对华沙起义的态度，指出了英、美、苏三大同盟在“波兰问题”上冲突的本质。由于二战时特殊的环境决定了盟国间存在着打败法西斯的共同利益，在这一共同利益制约下三国间展开激烈的较量，以至于威胁到大同盟的团结，但由于反法西斯共同利益的需要，最终维持了合作。大国围绕起义展开的争夺在一定程度上制约了盟国对起义的援助，使起义基本上处于孤立无援的状态，注定了起义最后失败的命运。最后本文分析了起义的影响和起义失败的原因，指出起义的结果改变了波兰的历史命运，“为‘波兰问题’的解决提供了答案”。
[Abstract]:The Warsaw uprising of 1944 was not merely an anti-fascist struggle of the Polish people for national independence. What is more important is that it reflects the struggle and rivalry between the great powers in Eastern Europe. The failure of the uprising has actually solved the "Polish problem." but for a long time, due to historical reasons, the study of the "Warsaw uprising" has been relatively weak. There are still heated debates on the causes and evaluation of the uprising, so it is of great significance to study the Warsaw uprising. In terms of materials, with the disintegration of the Soviet Union and the transformation of the Polish domestic system, a large number of archives of the Warsaw uprising were made public, which provided rich historical data for further study of the Warsaw uprising; at the same time, With the activities of commemorating the 60th anniversary of Warsaw uprising, the memoirs and oral materials of a large number of insurrection participants provide a full and solid reference for the study of Warsaw uprising. It is on the basis of these materials that this study can be carried out. Through the analysis of the background of the Warsaw uprising, this paper points out that in addition to the favorable international reasons, Poland has its own profound political and ideological reasons. The uprising was not only the result of the political struggle in Poland, but also the result of the long-term strategic preparations of the Polish government in exile. There were also profound historical reasons for the uprising. The uprising was finally launched by the underground government. The guiding ideology carried out the traditional Polish principle of "two enemies", which led to the uprising having a dual political objective, "to oppose Hitler militarily and politically to oppose the Soviet Union"... because of the special circumstances of the war, The internal strife of the exiled government made the insurrection plan obviously idealistic and ignored the influence of the Soviet Union on Poland under geopolitics and eventually led to the defeat of the uprising. The process of uprising is not the focal point of this paper, but the process of uprising is equally important. It not only reflects the problems existing in the organization of the uprising, but also reflects the change of people's attitude towards the uprising, which reflects the nature of the Warsaw uprising in general. This paper analyzes the attitude of the allies to the Warsaw uprising, and points out the essence of the conflict between Britain, the United States and the Soviet Union on the "Polish issue." because of the special environment during the second World War, there was a common interest among the allies in defeating fascism. Under the constraints of this common interest, the three countries engaged in a fierce contest, which threatened the unity of the great alliance, but because of the need of the common interests of anti-fascism, Finally, cooperation was maintained. To some extent, the scramble of the great powers around the uprising restricted the aid of the allies to the uprising, so that the uprising was basically isolated and doomed the fate of the final defeat of the uprising. Finally, this paper analyzes the influence of the uprising and the reasons for its failure, and points out that the result of the uprising has changed the historical fate of Poland and provided an answer for the solution of the 'Polish problem'.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：K513.4

【引证文献】