苏联农产品征购方式的改革与社会稳定

发布时间：2018-04-09 15:19

  本文选题：苏联　切入点：农产品征购　出处：《华南农业大学学报(社会科学版)》2017年01期

【摘要】：在苏联七十余年的历史进程中,农产品征购是保障国家粮食安全的重要手段。征购方式经历了几次较大规模的改革:武力强征—摊派强征—宽松征购—合同订购—义务交售—统一采购。整体来看,征收方式的演变都是从暴力到非暴力,从强制到自愿,从无偿到有偿,从低价到高价。这些改革措施,对于苏联社会短时段或中时段的动荡或稳定起了至关重要的作用。二十世纪50年代后苏联进行的历次农产品征购方式的改革都失败了,导致国家粮食问题愈发严重,根本原因在于改革未触及以集体农庄为核心的僵化的农业管理模式。
[Abstract]:In the history of Soviet Union for more than 70 years, the purchase of agricultural products is an important means to ensure national food security.The way of requisition and purchase has gone through several large scale reforms: force imposed-assessed compulsory-loose requisition-contract order-compulsory delivery-unified procurement.Overall, the evolution of expropriation is from violence to non-violence, from coercion to voluntary, from unpaid to paid, from low to high.These reforms played an important role in the short-term or mid-term instability or stability of Soviet society.After 1950s, the reform of agricultural products requisition and purchase in Soviet Union failed, which led to more and more serious food problems in the country. The fundamental reason was that the reform did not touch the rigid agricultural management mode with collective farm as the core.
【作者单位】： 陕西师范大学历史文化学院;
【基金】：中国博士后科学基金面上一等资助项目(2013M540192);中国博士后科学基金特别资助项目(2014T70183)
【分类号】：K512.5
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本文编号：1726996