社会达尔文主义视域下的美国劳工问题

发布时间：2018-04-27 14:01

本文选题：美国 + 劳工问题　；参考：《北京社会科学》2017年10期

【摘要】：美国内战后,关税保护、金本位制和统一市场经济秩序的构建成为政府推动经济发展的主导性因素,而对劳工问题采取自由放任的态度。但随着劳资矛盾尖锐,社会危机日趋严重,社会中下阶层呼吁政府采取行政措施干预劳资冲突。然而,工商业资本家和一些社会科学家以英国哲学家赫伯特·斯宾塞的社会达尔文主义为依据,反对政府干预劳工问题。他们以适者生存为依据,将个人财富的积累和社会地位的提升视为社会进化的自然结果,从而为社会不平等的合理性提供了"科学"证明。在这种伪科学的影响下,许多人将劳工阶层的贫穷归因于其本身能力的欠缺,政府试图解决劳工问题的尝试受到保守势力的抵制。
[Abstract]:After the American Civil War, the construction of tariff protection, gold standard and unified market economic order became the leading factors of government promoting economic development, and adopted a laissez-faire attitude to labor problems. But with the sharp contradiction between labor and capital and the increasingly serious social crisis, the middle and lower strata of society appeal to the government to take administrative measures to intervene in the labor conflict. However, business capitalists and some social scientists, based on the social Darwinism of the British philosopher Herbert Spencer, opposed government intervention in labour issues. Based on the survival of the fittest, they regard the accumulation of personal wealth and the promotion of social status as the natural result of social evolution, thus providing "scientific" proof for the rationality of social inequality. Under the influence of this pseudoscience, many people attribute the poverty of the working class to their own lack of ability, and the government's attempt to solve the labor problem is resisted by the conservative forces.
【作者单位】：东北师范大学历史学院;
【基金】：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目(15JJD770006)阶段性成果
【分类号】：K712.4

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