自我肯定对外群体幸灾乐祸的影响

发布时间：2018-03-23 09:00

本文选题：自我肯定　切入点：幸灾乐祸　出处：《湖南师范大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：幸灾乐祸,即因他人的不幸而高兴,是一种极其阴暗的情绪。无论对于个体或是群体而言都是一种不利于人际(群际)交往的情绪。通过一定的手段减少幸灾乐祸是非常有意义的。Frijda的“情绪定律”认为他人的不幸之所以能引起幸灾乐祸,因为它能满足幸灾乐祸者的某种需要,当下主流的观点是该需要即自我提升的需要,因为他人身上的不幸事件为我们提供了一次保护和增强自我视野(self-view)的机会,也就具备了幸灾乐祸的潜在动机。而自我肯定理论认为自我肯定的策略能给予个体额外自我提升的机会,从而减少个体幸灾乐祸的需要。本研究旨在从群际角度考察了自我肯定对幸灾乐祸的影响,并根据中国的文化背景,探讨了相依我肯定及独立我肯定对不同构念倾向个体的不同作用。实验一以日本有关新闻事件作为实验材料,考察不同肯定类型对外群体幸灾乐祸的影响。145名被试(女98人)被随机分配至自我肯定、群体肯定及控制组,要求自我肯定组被试在11项价值中选取对自己最重要的一项进行详尽描述并举例；群体肯定组的被试则在11项价值选取对中国最为重要的一项进行详尽描述并举例；控制组则让被试描述大学生活的平常一天。结果发现,自我肯定组的被试幸灾乐祸水平显著低于群体肯定和控制组,然而自我肯定并未影响被试对日本的消极情绪,支持了自我肯定对幸灾乐祸的影响并非消极情绪中介作用的观点。实验二以美国有关新闻事件作为实验材料,旨在考察实验一结论的稳定性,168名被试(女112人)参与实验,结果发现自我肯定条件下的被试幸灾乐祸水平显著低于群体肯定和控制条件。再次验证了实验一的研究结论。实验三进一步对自我肯定的内容进行了细分,采用了2(自我构念：独立我倾向vs.相依我倾向)×3(自我肯定类型：相依我肯定Vs.独立我肯定vs.控制条件)被试间实验设计,考察了肯定自我的不同层面对不同自我构念倾向人群的作用,317名被试(女198人)参与实验,结果发现独立我肯定可以更有效减少独立我倾向个体的幸灾乐祸水平,相依我肯定能更有效减少相依我倾向个体的幸灾乐祸水平。综上所述,自我肯定通过给予个体额外“正能量”,减少个体幸灾乐祸的需要,是一种有效降低幸灾乐祸水平的手段,肯定自我的不同层面对幸灾乐祸有不同程度的影响,当自我肯定的内容与个体本身构念倾向一致时,能更大程度的达到自我提升的额外补偿作用,从而减少幸灾乐祸。
[Abstract]:Schadenfreude, that is, to rejoice at the misfortune of others, It's an extremely dark emotion. It's a bad feeling for both individuals and groups. Reducing gloating by some means is a very meaningful. Frijda's emotional law. That the misfortune of others can cause gloating, Because it meets some of the needs of the gloating, the prevailing view is that the need is the need for self-improvement, because the unfortunate events of others provide us with an opportunity to protect and enhance our self-view. There is a latent incentive to gloat, and the theory of self-affirmation suggests that self-affirmation strategies can give individuals an additional opportunity to improve themselves. So as to reduce the need for individual gloating. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of self-affirmation on gloating from an inter-group perspective, and according to the cultural background of China, In this paper, we discuss the different roles of dependent and independent I on individuals with different structuring tendencies. Experiment one: using Japanese news events as experimental materials, the effects of gloating on different types of foreign groups. 145 subjects (98 women) were randomly assigned to the self-affirmation, group affirmation and control groups. The subjects of the self-positive group were asked to describe and give examples of the most important one of the 11 values, while the subjects of the group positive group described and exemplified the most important item in the 11 values of the group. The control group asked the subjects to describe the normal day of college life. The results showed that the gloating level in the self-affirmation group was significantly lower than that in the group of group affirmation and control, but self-affirmation did not affect the subjects' negative feelings towards Japan. Supports the view that self-affirmation's influence on Schadenfreude is not a negative emotional intermediary. In the second experiment, 168 subjects (112 women) participated in the experiment, using the relevant news events in the United States as the experimental material, in order to investigate the stability of the conclusion of the experiment. The results showed that the Schadenfreude level of the subjects under self-affirmation was significantly lower than that of group affirmation and control. Experiment 3 further subdivided the content of self-affirmation, using 2 (self-construction: independent I tend to vs.dependent I tend) 脳 3 (self-affirmation type: dependent I'm sure Vs.independent I'm certain vs.control condition). The effects of different levels of positive self on people with different self-construal tendencies were investigated. 317 subjects (198 women) participated in the experiment. The results showed that I was sure to be more effective in reducing the gloating level of individuals with independent propensity. I am sure to be more effective in reducing the level of gloating I tend to have. To sum up, self-affirmation reduces the need for individual gloating by giving individuals extra "positive energy", is an effective means to reduce the level of gloating, and affirms that different levels of self have varying degrees of influence on gloating. When the content of self-affirmation is consistent with the structural tendency of the individual itself, it can achieve the extra compensatory effect of self-improvement to a greater extent, thus reducing the gloating.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B848

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