蜀党与北宋党争

发布时间：2018-01-12 21:24

本文关键词：蜀党与北宋党争　出处：《山东大学》2007年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 北宋大规模的党争萌芽于仁宗景祜、庆历年间，自王安石变法正式开始，一直持续到北宋灭亡。其间高潮迭起，愈演愈烈，由最初士大夫之间的政见分歧逐步演化为党同伐异、喜同恶异的纯粹的意气之争，成为导致北宋灭亡的重要原因之一。庆历新政是北宋掀起的第一次较大规模的党争，开创了北宋士大夫的议政风气，传播了改革思想，成为王安石熙宁变法的前奏。到神宗朝，内忧外患进一步加剧。安石自仁宗朝之后再次上万言书，畅言改革理想，君权与相权在这一特定的历史背景下前所未有地结合在一起。熙宁变法拉开了序幕。新法大规模地迅速推行，在朝野激起了强烈的政治冲击波，最终演化成为集中而突出的党争。北宋党争迎来了它的第一次高潮。神宗病逝，年幼的哲宗继位。在宣仁太后的幕后支持下，以司马光为首的旧党颠覆了一切新法，同时向新党发起了猛烈的进攻。“熙丰用事大臣”，一时间“退休散地”。然而此时，旧党内部由于政见不合以及思想上的分歧，已开始逐渐分裂。司马光去世后，最终分裂为所谓的“朔、蜀、洛”三党，旧党内部瓦解了。哲宗亲政，启用新党，绍述熙丰新法，又一轮党争拉开了帷幕。建中靖国，以蔡京为首的新党得用，并由此揭开了打击元祜旧党最为残酷的一幕。蜀党作为这一时期的一个政治派别，以苏轼、苏辙为领袖，，以包括黄庭坚、秦观在内的苏门六君子等人为其成员。北宋中后期，蜀党无论在政坛、文坛，其历史地位都是十分重要的。他的政治活动，不仅贯穿了从神宗到北宋后期，而且亲身经历了期间大大小小的政治纷争。同时，更代表了中后期文坛的最高成就，使这一群体成为文人参政的典型而备受瞩目。本文大体分为五部分。第一部分首先剖析宋人的党观念，并将北宋党争与历代党争对比，总结出其独有的政治特色，符合现当代“政党”的一些特点。第二部分分析蜀党的形成过程及其隶属的成员。“苏学”作为蜀党的代表思想，“苏门”作为蜀党的主要成员组成，二者都存在着时间与逻辑上的连贯性。第三部分主要论述蜀党在北宋中期以后的政治舞台上扮演着十分重要的角色。在二苏的领导下，他们不仅文学上、学术取得了突出的成就，政治上更发挥了不可忽视的作用。尽管蜀党没有像王安石新党那样成为执政党，以施展自己的政治理想，但是，蜀党却从政治、经济、军事、边防各方面提出许多系统的、切实可行的主张，体现了蜀党独立的政治面貌。第四部分以蜀党为中心，分析它与荆公新党、司马光、朔党、洛党之间错综复杂的矛盾与联系，突出了蜀党的独立性的同时又从一个侧面反映出他在党争中的作用。结语部分对蜀党的地位和历史作用做出评价，从政治、文化等方面分析它特有的建树。
[Abstract]:The large-scale party contention in the Northern Song Dynasty sprouted in Jen-zong Jinghu. During the Qing calendar period, from the official beginning of Wang Anshi's reform to the death of the Northern Song Dynasty, the high tide rose one after another and became more and more intense. The political differences between scholars and officials gradually evolved into the pure dispute of sentiment between the Party and the Party and the likes and dislikes, which became one of the important reasons leading to the demise of the Northern Song Dynasty. Qingli New deal was the first large-scale party dispute in the Northern Song Dynasty, which initiated the political discussion of the literati and officials in the Northern Song Dynasty, spread the reform thought, and became the prelude to the reform of Wang Anshi Xining to the Shenzong Dynasty. The internal and external troubles further intensified. Anshi since the Renzong Dynasty again thousands of words of books, unobstructed talk about the ideal of reform. Under this particular historical background, the monarchy and the power of the phase have never been combined together. Xining reform opened the prologue. The new law was carried out rapidly on a large scale, which aroused a strong political shock wave in the government and the opposition. Finally, it evolved into a concentrated and prominent party contention. The Northern Song Dynasty Party contention ushered in its first climax. Shenzong died of illness, the young philosophy succeeded. Under the behind-the-scenes support of Queen Mother Xuanren. The old party led by Si Maguang overturned all the new laws and launched a fierce attack on the New Party. After Si Maguang's death, he split into the so-called "Shuo, Shu, Luo" three parties, the old party collapsed. The introduction of Xifeng new law, another round of party controversy began. The founding of the Yasukuni state, Cai Jing led by the new party was used, and thus opened the most brutal attack on the old Yuan-Hu party scene. As a political faction of this period, Shu Party took Su Shi and Su Zhe as leaders, and Su Men six gentlemen, including Huang Tingjian and Qin Guan, as its members. In the middle and late Northern Song Dynasty, Shu Party was no matter in politics and literary circles. His historical status is very important. His political activities not only ran through the period from Shenzong to the late Northern Song Dynasty, but also experienced the great and small political disputes. At the same time. It also represents the highest achievement of the literary world in the middle and later period, which makes this group become a typical political participation of literati. This paper is divided into five parts. The first part first analyzes the party concept of Song people, and compares the party contention of Northern Song Dynasty with that of the past dynasties, and sums up its unique political characteristics, which accord with some characteristics of modern and contemporary "political party". The second part analyzes the forming process of Shu Party and its subordinate members. "Su Xue" as the representative thought of Shu Party, "Su Men" As the main members of Shu Party, both of them have time and logical coherence. The third part mainly discusses that the Shu Party plays a very important role in the political stage after the mid-Northern Song Dynasty. Under the leadership of Ersu, they have made outstanding achievements not only in literature but also in academia. Although the Shu Party did not become the ruling party like Wang Anshi New Party in order to carry out its own political ideal, the Shu Party did from the political, economic, military aspects. Various aspects of frontier defense put forward many systematic and practical propositions, reflecting the political outlook of Shu Party's independence. The 4th part takes Shu Party as the center, analyzes its intricate contradictions and relations with Jing Gong New Party, Si Maguang, Shuo Party and Luo Party. At the same time, the independence of Shu Party reflects his role in the party contention. The conclusion part evaluates the position and historical function of Shu Party and analyzes its unique achievements from political and cultural aspects.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：K244

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