“文德治世”:宋代献文召试制度考述

发布时间：2018-01-23 19:35

本文关键词： 宋代献文召试右文国策　出处：《河南大学学报(社会科学版)》2014年02期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：召试是指宋代皇帝或皇帝指派其秘书机构、亲近臣僚对特殊人才进行的考试,召试合格者可以获得授官、除职、赐科名等优待。因进献诗赋文章而获得皇帝特旨召试的事例,称为"献文召试"。宋代献文召试所献之"文"包括家集、逸书、赋颂、诗词经义等类型。北宋前期,献文召试频繁举行,形成了一套严格规范的制度;宋神宗元丰改制后,献文召试明显减少。南宋初年,宋廷对北宋末年献文召试进行清算后,至南宋末年这种铨选形式几乎绝迹。宋代献文召试是一种选拔人才的方式,是"右文国策"的体现,也是特定时期君主特权与官僚特权相结合的产物。随着宋代科举、宗室、荫补等制度的发展与完善,献文召试最终消融于制度化的皇权之中。
[Abstract]:Call test refers to the Song Dynasty emperor or emperor appointed its secretarial organization, close to the officials and staff to the examination of special talent, the call test qualified can be granted official, except for the post. The example of the emperor's special call test for the article of offering poems and Fu is called "offering essay call test". The "article" of the Song Dynasty offering essay call test includes the collection of home, the book of ease, and the praise of Fu. In the early Northern Song Dynasty, the call for writing was held frequently, and a set of strict and standardized system was formed. In the early years of the Southern Song Dynasty, the Song Dynasty made a liquidation of the essay call test at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty. To the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, this form of selection almost disappeared. With the development and perfection of imperial examination, imperial examination, shade supplement and other systems in Song Dynasty, the essay offering test finally melted into the institutionalized imperial power.
【作者单位】：河南大学中国古代史研究中心;
【基金】：河南省社科规划项目“北宋元丰改制前官员铨选机构研究”(2012BLS014)阶段性成果
【分类号】：D691;K244
【正文快照】： 召试,又称“特旨召试”,是指在宋代贡举、制举及吏部铨选考试之外,由皇帝或皇帝指派其秘书机构、中书机构如学士院、舍人院、中书省等对个别人进行的考试。召试优等或合格者,朝廷予以赐科名、授馆职、迁转官职、差遣等优待。按照获得召试的途径,宋代“特旨召试”可分为三类:

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