澳甲与船甲——清代渔船编管制度及其观念

发布时间：2018-01-28 03:54

本文关键词： 清代渔船澳甲船甲海洋管理　出处：《清史研究》2014年01期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：本文以华南沿海地区为例,以澳甲和船甲的实施和推广为中心,考察了清朝沿海渔船编制管理制度的形成过程,以及其中所蕴含的清朝海洋管理策略。康熙开海之后,商渔分离,渔民被视为关系濒海地区治安的最大要素,而为了实现对濒海地区那些具有很强流动性的人群的管治,清代官员在吸收既有经验的基础上,根据濒海渔户生计的特性,抓住其最重要的生活、生产工具———船只,利用船只与陆地上固定联系地点,通过澳甲、船甲等方式加以稽查、编管,以陆控海,尽量将其在海上的活动限定在可预知的范围之内,实现宏观把握。此制度主要形成于濒海战事初定的康熙雍正年间,多源于福建的经验,而后随着官员职位迁转,他们的观念、办法又会得到延续、推广,当这些成案成为闽粤官员头脑中的一种治理经验的资源时,后代官员也会不断援引。
[Abstract]:Taking the coastal areas of South China as an example and taking the implementation and promotion of Aojia and Ship-A as the center, this paper investigates the formation process of the compilation and management system of fishing vessels in the Qing Dynasty. After Kangxi opened the sea, the commercial and fishery were separated, and fishermen were regarded as the most important element of the public order in the coastal area. In order to achieve the governance of those people with strong mobility in coastal areas, the Qing Dynasty officials in the absorption of existing experience, according to the characteristics of the livelihood of coastal fishermen, seize its most important life. Production tools-- ships, using ships and land fixed contact points, through Australia, ship a way to check, organize management, land control of the sea, as far as possible its activities at sea within a predictable range. This system was mainly formed in the early Kangxi Yongzheng period of the coastal war, mostly from the experience of Fujian, and then with the transfer of officials' positions, their ideas and methods will be extended and popularized. When these cases become a resource of governance experience in the minds of Fujian and Guangdong officials, future officials will also continue to invoke them.
【作者单位】：中山大学历史人类学研究中心;
【基金】：教育部行动计划司局专项项目(项目批准号:11200-3149001) 中山大学青年教师起步资助计划(11200-1188143)阶段性研究成果
【分类号】：K249;U692
【正文快照】： 引言濒海生民,依海为生,船陆两栖。以濒海环境下的自然禀赋为背景,渔民船户形成的生计模式有其不同于内陆农耕模式的内在机制,与流动性和商业有着与生俱来的亲和性。如何实现对滨海地区和近岸海域的有效统合,对建基于农耕社会的王朝国家而言是一个挑战。明代中期以后,伴随着东

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