两汉扬州官吏考析

发布时间：2018-02-15 07:36

本文关键词： 西汉东汉扬州地方官吏　出处：《郑州大学》2007年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 扬州是我国古代经济重心南移后的重要区域，这一地区的发展起步就在两汉时期。促使其经济发展的原因有很多，其中地方官吏的作用不可忽视。本文先考列了史书所载的西汉、东汉两代扬州的官吏。每个朝代按照扬州州官、庐江郡、九江郡、丹阳郡、会稽郡(含东汉吴郡)、豫章郡的顺序将官吏一一列出，其中同一郡的官吏按照时间和官职大小排列。并尽可能的列出官吏的生卒年月、籍贯和在任上的事迹等。在分析部分，将扬州官吏对当地发展的作用归纳为三大块。首先是在当地经济发展、社会稳定中的作用。官吏教会了当地人民牛耕和铁犁的使用，促使当地生产方式的转变，扬州经济有了长足的发展，尤其是南粮北调的出现更是以后经济重心南移的前奏。面对中原动荡时涌入的大量流民，当地官吏采用了较为积极的安置措施，既维护了社会的稳定，又为扬州经济的发展带来一支生力军。其次是在移风易俗、教育文化中的作用。扬州有不少社会陋俗，直到东汉仍然蛮勇好斗，“信巫鬼、重淫祀”。当地官吏对此进行了大刀阔斧的改革，还大力发展学校教育。地方官学教育的发展也带动儒生开展私学，弘扬儒风。这一切逐渐改变了人们认为扬州是“卑薄之域”“人才寥寥”的旧观念。最后是在整顿吏治、平定反乱中的作用。从设置刺史监州之制以来，扬州的历任刺史大都积极整顿吏治，加之不少官吏本身就清正廉洁，，所以扬州的政治环境较为清新。西汉时扬州并无大的战事。东汉中后期扬州的农民起义不断，当地官吏或安抚，或镇压，使得这些起义没有发展成燎原之势。从某种意义上说保全了扬州多年来的经济发展成果，使其在“中州战乱”时仍能成为一方乐土。当然也绝不是说两汉时所有的扬州官吏都是廉吏翘楚，称得上“循吏”的仅有五分之一多点。我们分析阐释的主要就是这部分官吏的贡献。从分析中我们可以得到一些有益的启示，如如何加强官员的道德建设，怎样完善地方各级官吏的监督机制等在今天仍有现实意义。
[Abstract]:Yangzhou is an important area after the center of economic gravity moved southward in ancient China. The development of this area started in the Han Dynasty. There are many reasons for its economic development, among which the role of local officials can not be ignored. This paper first lists the officials of the Western Han Dynasty and Yangzhou of the Eastern Han Dynasty, which are contained in the history books. Each dynasty lists the officials one by one according to the order of Yangzhou officials, Lujiang County, Jiujiang County, Danyang County, Huiji County (including Wu County of the Eastern Han Dynasty and Yuzhang County). The officials of the same county are arranged according to the time and the official position, and list as far as possible the year of birth and death of the official, the place of origin and the deeds in office. In the part of analysis, Yangzhou officials' role in local development is summed up into three parts. First of all, it is the role of local economic development and social stability. Officials have taught the local people the use of cattle farming and iron ploughs, promoting the transformation of local production methods, and Yangzhou's economy has made great progress. In particular, the emergence of the southern grain and northern transfer is a prelude to the southward shift of the economic center of gravity. In the face of the influx of large numbers of displaced people during the turmoil in the Central Plains, local officials have adopted more active resettlement measures, which have not only maintained social stability, Yangzhou for the economic development of a new force. The second is the role in changing customs and education culture. Yangzhou had a lot of social vulgarity, until the Eastern Han Dynasty was still quite aggressive, "believe in witches and ghosts, pay more attention to worship." the local officials carried out radical reforms in this regard. The development of local official education also led Confucianism students to carry out private studies and promote Confucian style. All this gradually changed the old idea that Yangzhou was regarded as a "humble territory" and "few talents". Finally, it is the role in rectifying the administration of officials and calming down the fight against chaos. Since the establishment of the system of supervising the state of the history of stabbing, most of Yangzhou's history of spurs has been actively rectifying the administration of officials, coupled with the fact that many officials themselves have been clean and clean. So the political environment in Yangzhou was relatively fresh. There was no major war in Yangzhou during the Western Han Dynasty. The peasant uprisings in Yangzhou in the middle and late Eastern Han dynasties continued, and local officials either appeased or suppressed them. These uprisings did not develop into a prairie fire. In a sense, Yangzhou preserved the achievements of economic development for many years, so that it can still become a happy land in the "Zhongzhou war". Of course, it does not mean that during the Han Dynasty all Yangzhou officials were leaders of honest officials. There are only more than 1/5 points that can be called "officials following." the main contribution of our analysis and interpretation is the contribution of this part of the officials. We can get some useful inspiration from the analysis, such as how to strengthen the moral construction of officials. How to improve the supervision mechanism of local officials at all levels is still of practical significance today.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：K234

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