明后期对蒙古策略探究

发布时间：2018-02-24 03:10

本文关键词： 明朝后期对蒙策略系统研究　出处：《中央民族大学》2009年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 明朝自万历年间开始一直到末期,与北边蒙古的关系主要是针对漠南蒙古左、右翼各部来展开。随着形势的变化,明朝政府不时对蒙古右翼的策略进行战略性微调,但总体还是延续了降庆时期的基本做法;而对蒙古左翼的策略,在万历朝及以后的时间里,却经历了种种变化,尤其是万历时期制定的一些策略,直接对天启朝和崇祯朝产生了重要影响。后金势力兴起后,明朝在后金的强大攻势而前屡屡被动,特别是得知后金进一步采取对蒙古进行拉拢和绥服的策略之后,深感失去蒙古的可怕后果,不得不反复调整对蒙古左翼的策略,试图借助蒙古的力量来牵制后金并与之抗衡。但结局是蒙古诸部陆续归附后金,并作为后金攻明的主要辅佐力量,与后金一道推翻了明朝在中原近三百年的统治。系统深入地研究这一时期明朝对蒙古的策略,有助于我们了解明廷对蒙古策略的摇摆性和不一致性,映证出明朝皇帝的不作为以及明朝政府的腐败无能,同时也能清楚地看到后金的努尔哈赤和皇太极作为一股新生政治力量的主要代表,在处理与蒙古的关系上表现出的远见卓识和高超智慧。本论文研究的重点就是进一步探讨明朝万历年间开始到末期与蒙古关系中的政策性因素对明蒙双方产生的重要影响。本文第一章《嘉隆时期明朝对蒙古策略综述》主要吸收前人研究的成果,借助史料专门探讨蒙古达延汗以后蒙古左、右翼的迁徙分布情况,重点分析了以俺答汗为首的蒙古右翼与明朝的对抗以及“俺答求贡”始末,把“俺答求贡”这段历史史实作了进一步的梳理。同时围绕“隆庆和议”,把明蒙之间从多年的战争对抗演变为相互间经济贸易往来的过程进行了集中论述。认为该和议的达成,既顺应了时代发展的潮流,也进一步促进了双方政治、经济和文化的交流,成为明蒙关系史上最大的亮点。同时阐明,由于明朝在对待蒙古左翼问题上显得有些气量不够,采取了“拒贡”政策,这样的做法虽然为明朝后期对蒙古策略的调整留出了很大空间,但同时也埋下了祸根,使明朝为此付出惨痛代价。本文第二章《万历年间明朝对蒙古策略的转变》主要探讨明朝对蒙古右翼策略的战略性微调以及根据形势变化及时改变对蒙古左翼的“拒贡”政策,用比较详实的史料考证了明神宗的“逆革顺赏”策略,强调此举进一步左右了明朝后期对蒙古的策略,其负面影响不容忽视。本文第三章《辽东局势的变化以及明朝对蒙古策略的走向》则把目光聚焦到明朝的辽东地区。这一区域对明朝后期的历史走向至关重要。可以说守住了辽东就等于守住天下,而失去辽东就可能失去天下。本章通过对明朝后期几任辽东督抚经略经营辽东的情况以及这一时期明朝对蒙古采取的策略进行了较为深入的探讨,分析了后金的崛起影响和制约了明朝对蒙古的策略,探讨了明朝最终失去辽东的深层次原因。本文第四章《天启朝对蒙古的策略与效果》专门探究明熹宗在后金强大的攻势面前,与明臣一道加紧对蒙古诸部抚赏策略的调整,以期借蒙古助兵来牵制后金的力量,缓解对明朝的进攻。同时还穿插论述了后金与明朝双方在争取蒙古过程中的一些不同做法,得出了后金采取的策略远比明朝实用的结论。本文第五章《崇祯朝对蒙古的策略与效果》集中论述崇祯皇帝在制定对蒙古左翼察哈尔部策略上表现出的模糊性和摇摆性,分析了王象乾在左右明朝政府对蒙古策略中发挥的突出作用,把明朝对蒙古策略失败的原因归结到政治、经济和人为因素等几个方面。结论部分主要把明朝后期对蒙古策略的变化及其得失做了进一步归纳、分析和总结。
[Abstract]:From the beginning of the calendar year to the end of the Ming Dynasty , the relations with the north side of Mongolia were mainly focused on the left - right and right - wing parts of Mongolia . With the change of the situation , the government from time to time had made strategic adjustments to the strategy of Mongolia ' s right - wing , but it has also experienced a variety of changes , especially in the period of Wanli . In the first chapter , the author focuses on the history of Mongolia ' s political , economic and cultural exchanges , which is the most important spot in the history of Ming and Meng , and also puts forward the policy of " refusing to pay tribute " , which has set aside the policy of " refusing to pay tribute " , which has set aside the policy of " refusing to pay tribute " , which has set aside the evil roots for the adjustment of Mongolia ' s strategy in the late Ming Dynasty , which made Ming Dynasty pay a bitter price for this . In the second chapter , the author mainly discusses the strategic fine - tuning of Mongolia ' s right - wing strategy and changes the policy of " refusing to pay tribute " to the left - wing of Mongolia in a timely manner according to the change of the situation . In the third chapter , the change of the situation in Liaodong and the trend of the Ming Dynasty to Mongolia ' s strategy focus on the eastern part of the Ming Dynasty . This region is of great importance to the historical trend in the late Ming Dynasty . It can be said that the preservation of Liaodong is equal to the conservation of the world , and the loss of Liaodong may lose the world . This chapter analyzes the influence of the rise of the latter and restricts the policy of the Ming Dynasty to Mongolia , and probes into the deep reason why the Ming Dynasty finally lost the east . The fourth chapter of this article explores the strategy and effect of Mongolia , and explores the adjustment of Mongolia ' s pacification strategy in the face of the strong offensive of the latter , with a view to taking the Mongolian help to draw back the strength of the back gold , and easing the attack on the Ming Dynasty . At the same time , the author also discussed some different approaches in the process of seeking Mongolia from the two sides , and concluded that the strategy adopted by the latter is far more practical than the Ming Dynasty . In the fifth chapter , the author focuses on the policy and effect of the Emperor Chongzhen in the development of the policy of Mongolian Left - wing Chahar and analyzes the prominent role played by Wang Xiang Qian in the policy of Mongolia , which is attributed to the political , economic and human factors . In conclusion , the changes of Mongolia ' s strategy and its gains and losses are summarized , analyzed and summarized in the late Ming Dynasty .

【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：K248

【相似文献】