辽代汉族官僚集团研究

发布时间：2018-03-03 00:20

本文选题：辽代　切入点：汉族官僚集团　出处：《东北师范大学》2008年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 辽代职官制度的主要特点是“官分南北,以国制治契丹,以汉制待汉人”。为了调和民族矛盾和阶级矛盾,契丹统治者大量吸收和接纳汉族知识分子参加统治。因此,辽代出现了一支不可忽视的汉族官僚群体。南、北面官制的确立标志着辽代汉族官僚集团的形成。从辽代中前期开始契丹贵族越来越重视对汉官的任用,在机构上由最初相对简单的汉儿司逐渐在景宗、圣宗时期确立完善的南面官制;由最初的通过接受汉族降将、吸收投奔士人、重用汉族世家子弟,发展为确立科举制度作为选任汉官的方式。从而最终在制度上促成汉族官僚集团和汉官制度在景宗、圣宗时期形成,自此汉族官僚集团成为辽朝统治集团中的一股极为重要的政治力量。辽代契丹统治者出于巩固统治地位的需要,在汉官机构的设置上,分为中央和地方两个系统,既做到了充分发挥汉官的政治经验和文化优势,又不授予汉官在军政、财经等重大事项上的决策权,从而使得汉官机构完全成为巩固契丹贵族统治地位,并对进行有效管理的工具。然而汉官集团毕竟是辽统治集团的重要组成部分,契丹统治集团为了强化对汉官的控制,通过对在汉族官僚集团中较为重要的汉官及其家族成员赏赐较高的政治地位、荣誉,并与之联姻建立血缘上的联系等等手段,以达到笼络之目的。虽然汉官在机构上很完备,并且有的也享有较高的政治地位,但总体来讲,终辽一代,汉族官僚集团在国家大政方针等政策上只有参与权,而无决策权。辽代汉族官僚集团利用其所处的政治地位和自身的文化优势,充分发挥其所具备的政治经验和文化素质,广泛的参与并影响了辽朝国家政治,对于辽朝的政治、经济、法律、文化教育等制度的制定和实施发挥了重要的作用,并且对辽朝的文化教育产生了重要影响,使得契丹族与汉族在语言、风俗、思想意识等方面的差距日渐缩小,从而大大加速了契丹族的封建化进程。
[Abstract]:The main features of the official system in the Liao Dynasty are: "the officials are divided into north and south, the state system governs Qidan, and the Han system treats Han people". In order to reconcile the national and class contradictions, the Qidan rulers absorbed and accepted a large number of Han intellectuals to participate in the rule. The establishment of the official system in the south and north marked the formation of the bureaucracy group of the Han nationality in the Liao Dynasty. From the early period of the Liao Dynasty, the Khitan aristocracy attached more and more importance to the appointment of Han officials. From the initial relatively simple Han er Si gradually established in Jingzong, Shengzong period, a perfect southern official system; from the first by accepting the Han subdued, absorbed and transferred to the scholars, re-use Han family, In order to establish the imperial examination system as a way of selecting Han officials, it eventually contributed to the formation of the Han bureaucratic group and the Han official system in the period of Jingzong and Shengzong. Since then, the Han bureaucracy has become an extremely important political force in the Liao Dynasty ruling group. The Qidan rulers of Liao Dynasty, in order to consolidate their dominant position, were divided into two systems: the central government and the local government, which not only gave full play to the political experience and cultural advantages of the Han officials, but also did not grant the Han officials the military and political affairs. The decision-making power on such important issues as finance and economics made the official organization of the Han Dynasty a complete tool for consolidating Qidan's aristocratic dominance and effectively managing it. However, the Han official Group was an important part of the Liao Dynasty ruling Group after all. In order to strengthen the control of Han officials, the Qidan ruling group awarded the Han officials and their family members a higher political status, honor, and established blood ties with them, and so on. In order to achieve the goal of winning over the net, although the Han officials were very well organized and some enjoyed a high political status, generally speaking, in the last Liao Dynasty, the Han nationality bureaucrats had only the right to participate in the state policies and policies, but not the decision-making power. Taking advantage of their political status and their own cultural advantages, the Han bureaucrats of the Liao Dynasty took full advantage of their political experience and cultural qualities, and extensively participated in and influenced the political, economic and legal aspects of the Liao Dynasty. The establishment and implementation of such systems as culture and education played an important role and had an important impact on the culture and education of the Liao Dynasty. As a result, the gap between the Qidan nationality and the Han nationality in language, customs, ideology and so on was gradually narrowed. Thus greatly accelerated the feudal process of Qidan nationality.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：K246.1

【引证文献】