北魏域外官员的流动

发布时间：2018-03-24 00:02

本文选题：北魏　切入点：域外官员　出处：《山西大学》2008年硕士论文

【摘要】： 北魏域外官员的流动,在各个时期表现为不同的形式和内容。在研究中,我们把官员分为两种形态。即各个时期的皇后和从其他政权归附的官员。在部落时期有限的“域”里,这种官员的流动形式表现更多的为拓跋部与其他政权或部落之间的通婚和质子。北魏早期,分部制的逐渐解体,新的地域国家开始形成。域外官员的流动范围扩展到了其他五胡政权中来,这可以从当时北魏所立皇后的族属来源反映出来。这种趋势在北魏孝文帝改革后,更加明显了。在西晋政权灭亡后,部分没有南渡的世家大族以宗主的形式停留在北方。这些留守的北方大族与在中原立足的胡族政权建立了相互合作的关系,并参与了其政权的制度建设。如崔玄伯。虽然胡汉之间存在着不同的差异,但是北魏建国后,随着统治区域的扩大,北魏统治者不断吸收汉人所保持的先进生产方式和文化、政治制度,甚至在政权建设也有汉族士人的参与。这样才能更好的巩固和完善自己的统治。易言之,北魏国家在自身的发展中已经孕育了某些封建的因素。只不过随着这种不同部落或政权间的官员的流动,封建化大大加速了。为了顺应这个要求,北魏统治者就必须对自己固有的部落或部族制度进行改造。这点从《魏书·官氏志》的记载中就可以发现。如北魏道武帝时“离散诸部,编户齐民”,这是采取了适应中原农业生产的方式来统治被征服的各族人民。同样,北魏皇后族属来源的变化和归附北魏的官员多元化正是北魏封建化的反映。这种变化标志着北魏国家的统治逐渐步入了正规化,皇权在这种变化中得到了进步的加强。北魏在太武帝时,基本统一了北方。献文帝拓跋弘皇兴年间,又得到了青齐之地。军镇与州郡构成了北魏的疆域。从这些军镇和州郡的分布情况,我们就可以判断北魏的地域。北魏的域外是有限的,但在军事武力达到最强时,它的域扩展到了西域、高丽等国,我们从《魏书》本纪里所记述的各个藩属国朝贡的情形就可以判断出来。北魏中后期,孝文帝的改革,王肃、刘芳等南朝大族名士的归附,最终促成了北魏国家封建化的完成。
[Abstract]:The movement of officials outside the Northern Wei Dynasty shows different forms and contents in different periods. In the study, we divide officials into two forms: empress of each period and officials attached to other regimes. In the limited "domain" of tribal period, This form of official mobility was more manifested in the intermarriage and proton between the Ministry of Tuoba and other regimes or tribes. In the early Northern Wei Dynasty, the division system gradually disintegrated. New regional countries began to form. The flow of foreign officials extended to other Wu Hu regimes, which could be reflected by the ethnic origin of the empress of the Northern Wei Dynasty. This trend was followed by the reform of Emperor Xiaowen in the Northern Wei Dynasty. It became even more obvious. After the end of the Western Jin regime, some of the patriarchal clans who did not have Nandu stayed in the north in the form of patriarchs. These left-behind northern great tribes established a cooperative relationship with the Hu nationality regime, which had established a foothold in the Central Plains. He participated in the system construction of his regime, such as Cui Xuanbo. Although there were different differences between Hu Han, but after the founding of the Northern Wei Dynasty, with the expansion of the ruling area, the rulers of the Northern Wei Dynasty continuously absorbed the advanced production mode and culture maintained by the Han people. The political system, even in the construction of political power, has the participation of Han Chinese scholars. Only in this way can we better consolidate and improve our own rule. The Northern Wei state had given birth to some feudal factors in its own development. However, with the movement of officials from different tribes or regimes, feudalization accelerated greatly. In order to comply with this request, The rulers of the Northern Wei Dynasty must reform their inherent tribal or tribal system. This can be found in the records of the official Records of the Wei Dynasty. This is a way of adapting to the agricultural production of the Central Plains to rule the conquered peoples of all nationalities. The changes in the origin of the Northern Wei empress and the diversification of the officials attached to the Northern Wei were the reflection of the feudalization of the Northern Wei. This change marked the gradual regularization of the rule of the Northern Wei Dynasty. The imperial power was strengthened by this change. When the Northern Wei Dynasty was Emperor Taiwu, it was basically unified in the north. From the distribution of these military towns and prefectures, we can judge the territory of the Northern Wei Dynasty. The territory of the Northern Wei Dynasty is limited, but when the military force reaches its strongest, Its territory has been extended to the Western regions, Koryo and other countries. We can judge from the tributes of all the subordinate states described in the book of the Wei Shu. In the mid and late Northern Wei Dynasty, the reform of Emperor Xiaowen, the succession of great members of the Southern Dynasty, such as Wang Su and Liu Fang, Finally, it contributed to the completion of the feudalization of the Northern Wei Dynasty.
【学位授予单位】：山西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：K239.21

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