论庾氏家族与东晋政治

发布时间：2018-03-24 10:44

本文选题：庾氏家族　切入点：东晋政治　出处：《华中师范大学》2013年博士论文

【摘要】：东晋时期,以维护门阀利益为代表的士族政治,和维护皇权为代表的集权政治是相互交融,相辅相成的。纯粹的以维护士族利益的政治抑或维护集权政治的作为都不符合东晋时期国家的政治战略要求。而东晋时期颍川庾氏家族的政治作为兼顾维护士族利益和集权政治的性格特点。庾氏家族在东汉时期以习膺儒学而知名。魏晋时期逐渐兼修玄学以适应大时代士族家学思潮的转变。在政治上审时度势,仕魏而扶晋,成为魏晋时期士族舞台上的一枝新秀。但庾氏家学家风的圭臬一直都是“忠君”、“孝亲”等儒家信条,这在意识形态上决定了庾氏不同于一般的玄学家族,其家族的内在价值观是强化中央集权的儒家政治作风,辅之以维护士族利益的玄学士族做派。由于兼顾士族和外戚双重政治身份,其政治作为也同时表现为维护士族利益与集权两种特征。庾氏维护士族利益和集权的政治作为在不同时期有所侧重。其维护士族利益与集权特征一直沿着能否控制皇权而此起彼伏。在东晋成帝称帝之前,其维护士族利益政治占主要地位。这时的庾氏,在抵制皇权扩张；抑制宗室势力等方面表现出明显的维护士族利益特性。成帝之后,庾氏以帝舅身份从政,其家族利益始得与皇权相联系,集权作为开始凸显。具体表现为：对流民势力的强力打击和收编；联合集权士族扶持孱弱的皇权；以荆州为践行集权的基地,躬行儒学教化,创办学校,祭孔子,收编江北桓宣流民集团；进行北伐活动;抗衡建康王导的维护士族利益政治；同时施行“土断”、“检索人口”、“隐实户口”等经济措施维持政府的荫户和土地；与延续王导维护士族利益政治的何充的对峙。庾氏在维护和巩固门阀政治方面的作为有：维护门阀士族与皇权之间的平衡,建构各个政治势力协调发展的新体系。如元帝之世庾亮曾反对刁协等人的申韩法术,抑制明帝引宗室强化皇权的行为。对于士权对皇权的侵蚀和扩张,庾氏也采取措施以反制之。如抵制王敦势力的扩张,反对王导藐视帝王(成帝)权威。维护大族间的平衡,抑制王氏一族独大,纠正了以王氏为代表的维护士族利益政治道路走向极端。其次,将流民势力基本纳入到政府体系内,使得江北广阔的地域内贯彻了士族的乡论主义体制,构筑和巩固了东晋百余年的门阀政治体制信念。再次,通过改善财政(检索人口和土断等)和培养文化力量(崇儒兴教)经营上游荆州,以之作为北伐运动的基地。数次北伐,减轻了江南的军事压力。同时缓和上下游之间的矛盾。同时,抑制东晋中后期严重的土地兼并和人口集中。施行土断和检索人口等政治和经济政策,为国家财政收入和政权的平稳运作提供了资本。最后,努力将南北士族拉入门阀政治体制内,使之为东晋政权所用。在利用和笼络南北士族方面,其善于笼络中小士族和会稽士族,扩大了门阀政治的统治基础。庾氏通过庾后(妃)控制皇权,将家族利益与帝室利益捆绑,把维护士族利益政治与中央集权政治较为有效的结合在一起。在从政中也表现出一定的矛盾性和急躁性。庾亮、庾冰兄弟相继卒后,庾氏家族后继乏人,最后淹没于南朝。庾氏子嗣之所以患得患失,最终败亡,关键在于没有能力巩固和维护士族与皇权的政治平衡。在海西公被废之后,庾氏已经与皇室不存在任何的联姻关系,自然也不可能再依附抑或控制皇权了。而庾氏一族激进严苛的政治作风,也招致了后来执政士族对于庾氏的仇恨和报复。到了南朝,庾氏由于社会基础和政治实力的依次削弱而逐渐衰败。庾氏家族始终沿着门阀政治这条线而或胜或衰,其与元帝和王导创始的“王与马”的皇权与士族共治政治相伴始末。
[Abstract]:During the Eastern Jin Dynasty, in order to maintain the family interests as the representative of the taxi group politics, and maintenance of imperial power as the representative of the political power is a blend of pure, complement each other. To maintain the interest of the political family nurse or maintenance of political centralization as does not meet the requirements of the country's political strategy. During the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the Eastern Jin Dynasty Yus family politics as and to nurse and interests of the authoritarian political character. Yu's family in the Eastern Han Dynasty to Xi Ying Confucianism as well. In the Wei and Jin Dynasties gradually to adapt to the era of metaphysics thoughts change. Gentry family in the situation in politics, and Fu Jin Shi Wei, Wei and Jin Dynasties literati on the stage as a rookie. But Yu's home at the wind is always standard "loyal", "filial piety" in the Confucian doctrine, ideology determines Yu is different from the general metaphysics family, the intrinsic value of the family View is to strengthen the centralization of Confucian political style, complemented by the nurse family interests of the gentry metaphysical dimension style.
Because both nobles and the dual political identity, as is the same as the political dimension of the interests of the nation and the centralization nurse two features. Yu dimensional nurse and interests as centralized political emphasis in different periods. The dimension of the interests of the nation and the centralization of the imperial power and control along the can before the Eastern Jin Dynasty as one falls, another rises. The emperor, the nurse family dimension interest politics occupies the main position. Then the Yu, the imperial clan resisted expansion; restraining forces and other aspects showed the obvious characteristics of the gentry. Maintain interests after the emperor, the emperor uncle Yu to identity politics, the interests of the family was associated with the imperial power, began to highlight the specific performance as centralized. For the refugee forces powerful strike and incorporation; combined with centralized gentry weak support for the practice of imperial power; in Jingzhou centralized practice base, the Enlightenment of Confucianism, the founder of the school, offering Confucius, incorporated Jiangbei Huan Xuan refugee group; Northern Expedition; Health Maintenance Director Wang contend simultaneously "political interests of gentry; earth fault", "search population", "hidden real account" and other economic measures to maintain the government's shade household and land; and the continuation of Wang Daowei family political interests of nurse what charge confrontation.
Yu in the maintenance and consolidation of the aristocratic politics as a maintenance between Menfa and imperial power balance, the construction of the new system of the coordinated development of various political forces. As the world Emperor Yu Liang had objected to the Han Shen Diao Xie et al. Inhibition of emperor spells, strengthening the imperial power. The leading scholar of the imperial power for the right of erosion and expansion, Yu has also taken measures to counter the boycott. Wang expansion, director Wang Emperor (emperor) against the contempt of authority. To maintain the balance between the Han Wang family, inhibition of dominance, with Wang as the representative of the corrective maintenance road to the extreme political interests gentry. Secondly, the basic forces of refugees into the government system, the Jiangbei in the vast area of implementing the nobles of the Xiang "theory system, to build and consolidate the hundred years of aristocratic political system belief. Thirdly, through the improvement of Finance (population and soil breaking retrieval etc.) The power of culture and culture (Confucianism education management) as the upper reaches of Jingzhou, the motion of the base. Several northern expedition Northern Expedition, reducing Jiangnan military pressure. At the same time to ease the contradiction between the upper and lower concentration of inhibition. At the same time, late serious land and population in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. The implementation of the merger and retrieval of population soil off political and economic policy for the smooth operation, fiscal revenue and regime countries to provide capital. Finally, efforts will be pulled into the north and South gentry family politics system, which used for the regime. In the north and South and win over the nobles, the nobles and gentry and win good hueiji, expand the foundation of ruling family politics.
Yu Yu (Princess) after the imperial power to control, will be bundled with the interests of the family and the royal family interests, the interests of the political dimension of nurses and centralized political effective together. In politics also showed some contradiction and impatience. Yu Liang, Yu Bing brothers have died after yu'sfamily Houjifaren, finally submerged in the southern. Yu's son was eventually defeated, is the key to worry about personal gains and losses, the political balance does not have the ability to consolidate and maintain the nobles and the imperial power. After being in the waste public, Yu has been with the royal marriage does not exist any relationship, nature could not support or control imperial power. And Yu a radical harsh political style, but also lead to a later ruling gentry for Yu's hatred and revenge. The Yu, because of the social basis and political strength gradually decline. In order to weaken yu'sfamily along with the government Treat this line or victory or failure, and the emperor and the imperial clan and the "Founding Director Wang Wang and Ma" rule of political career. Accompanied by

【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：K237.2

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