清代满族与东北少数民族语言关系研究

发布时间：2018-03-28 06:16

本文选题：清代　切入点：满族　出处：《中央民族大学》2012年博士论文

【摘要】：本文以清代满族与东北少数民族的语言关系为研究对象,立足于语言学的研究,综合运用语言学、历史学、民族学等学科的理论与方法,从清代满族与蒙古族、达斡尔族、锡伯族共同的语言发生学基础以及平行互动(满-蒙语言关系)、深层渗透(满-达语言关系)、全面传承(满-锡语言关系)等几个方面,对清代满族与东北少数民族的语言关系进行比较全面、系统、深入的梳理,分析民族关系对语言关系的影响,揭示清代满族与东北少数民族语言关系的实质,探讨清代满族与东北少数民族语言关系的历时演变及表现形式,总结语言演变规律。首先,进行历史背景分析,分别对清代满族与东北少数民族的历史接触及民族关系进行了考察。从统治民族与被统治民族的角度,探讨清代统治者分而治之的民族政策,以作为各个时期不同民族关系发展变化的基础,为探讨语言关系的演变做铺垫。其次,进入清代满族与东北少数民族语言关系主体部分的研究。从满族与东北少数民族语言接触过程及语言本体的词汇、语音、语法等几个方面分别对满族与蒙古族、满族与达斡尔族、满族与锡伯族的语言关系进行探讨。此部分的研究力求做到分析深入、总结全面,对一些学术界争议问题提出自己的看法。最后,总结在清代多民族共存的政权下,语言关系的发展规律。本文在对清代满族与东北少数民族语言关系进行了系统分析与研究之后,跳出已有的思维模式,根据各自不同特征对清代满族与东北少数民族语言关系进行分类,具体划分为清代满语与蒙古族语言的互动关系、满语与达斡尔族语言的渗透关系、满语与锡伯族语言的传承关系等三个类型。以清代满族与东北其他少数民族关系为线索,用可靠的语言材料说明在清代满族与东北少数民族的不同类型、不同层次的民族关系中,满语和其他民族的语言并存、互补、交替的一般情况,重点说明国家的政治统一和共同的经济文化生活是不同民族彼此交融和不同语言文化相互作用的前提。论文共由六章构成：第一章,绪论。说明本文的研究内容、选题意义和研究方法,并对清代满族与东北少数民族语言关系方面的研究做一个简要的回顾。第二章,清代满族与东北疆域的少数民族关系。叙述了清代东北疆域的划分和盛京将军、黑龙江将军、吉林将军等统治机构的建立、管辖范围及职责,满族统治地位的确立及满文的创制发展历程,以及清代满族与东北地区少数民族的关系。第三章,清代东北疆域的治理政策及其民族语言关系。从清代政治、社会、文化政策几方面分析其对民族关系及语言关系的影响。第四章,清代满族与东北少数民族语言关系的历时演进。从时间跨度与空间分布上论述清代满族与东北少数民族的语言接触过程。第五章,满族与东北少数民族语言关系的表现形式。采用丰富的语言材料对满族与蒙古族、达斡尔族、锡伯族共同的语言发生学基础,以及平行互动(满-蒙语言关系)、深层渗透(满-达语言关系)、全面传承(满-锡语言关系)等几个方面的特征进行详细的分析论述与概括。第六章,总结。对全文各章节的观点以及文章创新、不足和今后需要继续努力的部分进行了说明。通过以上的研究,笔者希冀勾划出一个清晰而深刻的清代满族与东北少数民族语言关系发展脉络,相信这一探索无论在语言学领域还是在满学研究领域都将具有一定的开拓性意义,从而可以为民族语言学的研究提供例证和借鉴,并试图对民族学及其他学科的研究提供实证材料和理论支持。
[Abstract]:The Qing Dynasty and the northeast minority language as the research object, based on the comprehensive use of linguistics, linguistics, history, theory and method of ethnology, from the Qing Dynasty Manchu and Mongolian, Daur language, common Xibe occurrence basis and parallel interaction (with Mongolia language), deep (full penetration - language), full inheritance (full tin language) and other aspects, more comprehensive, system of Qing Dynasty and the northeast minority language, thorough combing, analysis of influence of ethnic relations on the relationship between language and reveal the essence of Manchu in Qing Dynasty and northeast minority language relations, discussion the diachronic evolution and forms of Manchu in Qing Dynasty and the northeast minority language relationship, summarizes the evolution rules of language.
First of all, the history of the historical background analysis, contact and ethnic relations of Manchu in Qing Dynasty and ethnic minorities in the Northeast were investigated. From the rule of the nation and rule the nation's point of view, to explore the rulers of the Qing Dynasty's national policy to divide and rule, as the basis for the development of ethnic relations in different periods, to pave the way for the evolution of language relations.
Secondly, to study the Qing Dynasty Manchu and northeast minority languages. The main part of the relationship between the speech from the Manchu and the northeast minority language contact and language ontology vocabulary, grammar, and other aspects of Manchu and Mongolian, Manchu and Daur, discusses the Manchu and Xibo nationality language. This part of the study to do in-depth analysis, comprehensive summary, put forward their own views on some controversial issues in academic circles.
Finally, summarized in the Qing Dynasty multi-ethnic coexistence regime under the laws of language development. Based on the relationship between the Qing Dynasty and the Northeast Manchu minority language relation of system analysis and research, jump out of the thinking mode, according to the different characteristics of the Manchu Qing Dynasty and North East relationship of minority language classification, specific division interaction the Qing Dynasty Manchu and Mongolian language, the relationship between Manchu and Daur language, Manchu and Sibo language inheritance relationship between three types. The Qing Dynasty Manchu and other ethnic minorities in Northeast China relationship as a clue, with reliable language materials in different types of Manchu and ethnic minorities in the northeast, different levels of ethnic relations in Manchu and other ethnic languages, complementary, generally alternating, focusing on political unity and common economic and cultural life of the country is The interplay between different ethnic groups and the interaction of different languages and cultures.
The thesis consists of six chapters.
The first chapter is the introduction, which explains the research content, significance and research methods of this paper, and makes a brief review of the relationship between Manchu and northeast minorities in Qing Dynasty.
The second chapter, the Manchu ethnic relations and northeast territory in the Qing Dynasty. The Qing Dynasty's territory and the northeast division of general Shengjing general Heilongjiang, Jilin, the establishment of general rule, jurisdiction and responsibilities, and establish the status of the Manchu Manchu rule creation and development, relationship between Manchu and Northeastern Minority Nationality.
The third chapter, the governance policy and ethnic language relationship of the northeast border area in the Qing Dynasty. It analyzed its influence on ethnic relations and language relations from the aspects of politics, society and culture policy in Qing Dynasty.
The fourth chapter is the diachronic evolution of language relations between Manchu and northeast minority in Qing Dynasty. It discusses the language contact process between Manchu and northeast minority in Qing Dynasty from the time span and spatial distribution.
The fifth chapter, with the form of Manchu ethnic minority in Northeast China. The relationship between language the rich linguistic materials of Manchu and Mongolian, Xibe language, a common occurrence, as well as the parallel interaction (full - Mongolia language), deep penetration (full - language), full inheritance (full - tin language the relationship between the characteristics of several aspects) are analyzed and summarized in detail.
The sixth chapter is a summary of the views of the chapters of the full text, the innovation of the article, the insufficiency and the part that needs to be continued in the future.
Through the above research, the author hopes to outline the development of a clear and deep Manchu and northeast minority languages, believe this exploration both in the field of linguistics or in full research will have certain pioneering significance, provide examples and reference for people to study linguistics, and try to research on Ethnology and other disciplines to provide empirical material and theoretical support.

【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H2;K249

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