史前至夏商时期中原地区手工业研究

发布时间：2018-03-29 20:40

本文选题：史前　切入点：夏商　出处：《郑州大学》2010年博士论文

【摘要】： 史前至夏商时期,中原地区是古代文明起源与初始发展的重要地区,手工业在中原地区文明发展进程中起了非常重要的作用。本文以考古发掘资料为主,结合文献记载和古史传说以及相关学科的研究成果,在吸收借鉴前人研究的基础上,对史前至夏商时期中原地区手工业的发展状况、工艺技术、手工业分工、手工业者、手工业生产的组织管理以及手工业在文明进程中的作用等问题进行了较为系统的分析研究。首先,对史前至夏商时期中原地区考古学文化的发展序列与分期进行了分析、梳理与归纳,并根据这一序列与分期,对史前至夏商时期中原地区的石器、木器、陶器、铜器、玉器、骨器、漆器、纺织、建筑和酿酒等手工业门类的发展过程、工艺技术等进行了探讨,较为全面地阐述了史前至夏商时期中原地区手工业的发展面貌和脉络,并与周边地区的手工业进行了扼要的横向对比,在此基础上总结出史前至夏商时期中原地区手工业的特点,即连续性、包容性和重实用性。其次,探讨了史前至夏商时期中原地区手工业与农业分工的条件、发展过程和意义。农业的发展、手工生产技术的复杂化、具有专业技能的手工生产者的大量出现,以及手工产品社会需求的增加,是手工业与农业发生社会分工的条件。手工业的分工是随着社会生产力的发展而逐步发展的。仰韶文化早期及其以前,氏族内部以自然分工为主,手工业尚未从农业中分离出来。仰韶文化中晚期至龙山文化时期,少数手工业部门逐渐从农业中分离出来。夏代已经出现较多独立的手工业部门,商代早期一些手工业部门内部又有了进一步分工,商代晚期分工程度更高。手工业与农业的分工,推动了社会生产力的发展,引起了生产关系的变革,促进了商品交换和文化交流。第三,对史前至夏商时期手工业者的地位问题进行了探讨。首先,运用考古发掘资料并结合古史传说,对史前手工业者的社会地位问题进行了研究。史前手工业者的社会地位经历了逐渐上升并进一步分化的过程。仰韶文化早期及其以前,手工生产者与其他氏族成员的地位基本相当。仰韶文化中晚期以后,多数手工业者占有较多的财富,同时手工业者之间也进一步分化,少数上升为权力的拥有者。其次,运用考古材料并结合文献和甲骨卜辞的记载,对夏商时期手工业者的地位进行了研究。夏代手工业者可能延续了史前手工业者的社会地位。商代手工业者的情况比较复杂,手工业者队伍以下层贵族和平民为主,但也有一些工奴。第四,对史前至夏商时期中原地区手工业的组织管理问题进行了尝试性的探讨。首先,运用聚落考古的成果,对史前手工业生产组织的变化进行了探讨。仰韶文化早期及其以前,手工生产以家族、氏族或更高一级的社会组织为单位集体生产,仰韶文化中晚期以后,出现了专门的手工业家庭或家族。其次,运用考古材料、文献与甲骨卜辞的记载,对夏商时期手工业的组织与管理问题进行了探讨。夏商时期手工业分为官营手工业和民间手工业,“工商食官”之制始于夏商时期。夏商手工业者仍以族为单位进行生产,王室设有专门的官职对手工业进行管理。第五,探讨了史前至夏商时期中原地区手工业在社会发展和文明进程中的作用。手工业生产改善了人类的物质生活,便利了人类的衣食住行。手工业生产促进了科学技术的进步和生产工具的改进,从而推动了生产力的发展。手工业的发展促进了剩余产品的增多、贫富的分化、私有制的出现和阶级关系的变化,推动了礼制的产生与发展,从而加快了生产关系的变革。手工业的发展与诸文明要素的孕育、起源与发展关系密切。史前时期手工业的发展,对于青铜器、城邑、文字等文明要素的孕育和萌芽起了重要推动作用。夏商时期手工业的发展,对文明发展起了重要推动作用。
[Abstract]:During the period from prehistoric to summer , the origin of ancient civilization and the initial development of the ancient civilization , the handicraft industry played a very important role in the process of civilization development in Central Plains .

Firstly , the development process and process technology of archaeological culture in the middle and middle regions of prehistoric - Xia - Shang period were analyzed , summarized and summarized . According to the sequence and stage , the development process and process technology of handicraft industry such as stone , wood , pottery , copper , jade , bone , lacquer ware , textile , architecture and wine brewing were discussed .

Secondly , the paper discusses the conditions , development process and significance of handicraft industry and agricultural division of labor in the middle and middle regions of prehistoric period to summer . The development of agriculture , the complexity of manual production technology , the large quantity of manual producers with professional skills and the increase of the social demand of manual products are the conditions for the division of labor industry and agriculture .

Third , the author discusses the status of the handicraft industry in the period from prehistoric to summer . First , by using archaeological excavation data and combining with the legend of ancient history , the paper studies the social status of the prehistoric craft .

The paper probes into the organization and management of the handicraft industry in the middle and late Shang Dynasty . First of all , the paper discusses the changes of the handicraft industry in the middle and late period of the prehistoric period . In the early stage of the YangShao culture and the previous , the paper discusses the organization and management of the handicraft industry in the Shang Dynasty . Secondly , the handicraft industry in the Xia Dynasty is divided into the official handicraft industry and the folk handicraft industry .

Fifth , the paper discusses the role of handicraft industry in the process of social development and civilization during the period from prehistoric to summer . The handicraft production has improved the material life of mankind and facilitated the development of human . The development of handicraft industry has promoted the development of productive relations . The development of handicraft industry has promoted the development of production relations . The development of handicraft industry has played an important role in the development of handicraft industry and the breeding and germination of civilization elements such as bronze wares , cities and characters .

【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：F429;K221

【引证文献】