宋代仓廪制度研究

发布时间：2018-03-31 01:38

本文选题：宋代　切入点：仓廪制度　出处：《首都师范大学》2011年博士论文

【摘要】：本文主要对宋代仓廪的类型、设置、仓粮来源与支出,仓廪的职能、管理及弊端等问题进行了比较系统的梳理,并在此基础上概括了宋代仓廪制度的特点。与中央集权的财政体制建立相一致,经过宋初太祖至真宗三朝的整顿,宋朝建立起了从中央到地方的完备的仓廪体系。宋代州县仓的管理制度远比前代复杂,既设立专门的管理机构,又置有复杂的监督体系,还制定了细密的管理措施。从加强中央集权的角度来看,宋代州县仓的建立有力地保证了中央对地方财赋的控制。然而,从具体仓务管理来看,却又弊端丛生,暴露出管理的非制度化及吏治的腐败,这也是整个宋代仓场管理中普遍存在的问题。宋朝统治者为防唐末五代之弊,逐渐建立起了庞大的官僚机构和官僚队伍。宋代实行募兵制,为应对内忧外患,军队的数量甚至超过百万。养官、供兵,尤其是供军的费用,给宋朝造成了沉重的财政负担。宋代都城作为皇帝和中央政府百官僚属所居、重兵拱卫之地,军队数十万,居民人口百万,京师粮仓的建立为京师的粮食供应提供了保证。宋代京师诸仓关系着京师的食粮供给和国家安危,因而受到统治者的高度重视,其监管制度也非常严格、复杂。面对巨大的军费开支压力,军队粮食供给是仓储的头等大事,宋代京师诸仓、转般仓、大军仓、桩管米都主要是为储备和转输军粮而设。宋朝是一个更加关心荒政的朝代,备荒仓廪建设成果斐然。宋代常平仓、义仓得到进一步发展,同时,还创设了广惠仓、惠民仓、丰储仓几个全国性的备荒仓种。南宋时期,以社仓为代表的地方性备荒仓种纷纷涌现,为备荒仓廪制度发展注入了新的活力。在宋代,最终形成了以常平仓、义仓等全国性备荒仓廪为主、社仓等地方性备荒仓廪为补充的备荒救灾仓储体系。随着社会经济的发展,宋代仓廪制度在继承前代的基础上,有了更进一步的发展,呈现出新的变化,具有新的特点。宋朝的政治、军事形势决定了仓储在整体功能上军储重于备荒；宋朝十分重视荒政,备荒仓尤其是地方性备荒仓得到了空前发展；随着社会生产力的提高,商品经济的发展,粮食的商品化日益增强,仓廪与市场的联系更加密切；宋朝土地兼并、两极分化严重,仓廪在协调贫富矛盾上也发挥着重要作用。随着社会经济的发展和社会的进步,宋代仓储救荒思想也有了进一步发展。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the types, setup, source and expenditure of granary, function, management and malpractice of granary in Song Dynasty are systematically combed, and the characteristics of granary system in Song Dynasty are summarized. Consistent with the establishment of a centralized financial system, the Song Dynasty established a complete granary system from the central to the local level through the rectification of the three dynasties from the early Song Dynasty to the True Zong Dynasty. The management system of county warehouses in the Song Dynasty was far more complicated than that of the previous generation. The establishment of special management institutions and complex supervisory systems, as well as detailed management measures, have been made. From the point of view of strengthening centralization, the establishment of county and county warehouses in the Song Dynasty has effectively ensured the central control over local property. However, From the point of view of concrete warehouse management, however, there are many disadvantages, which exposed the non-institutionalization of management and the corruption of officials, which is also a common problem in the management of storehouse in the whole Song Dynasty. In order to guard against the malpractices of the late Tang Dynasty and the five dynasties, the rulers of the Song Dynasty gradually set up a huge bureaucracy and bureaucracy. In the Song Dynasty, the recruitment system was implemented. In order to deal with internal and external troubles, the number of the armed forces even exceeded one million. It caused a heavy financial burden to the Song Dynasty. The capital of the Song Dynasty was inhabited by the emperor and the central government's 100 officials and staff. It was a place where the army was in the hundreds of thousands of troops and the population was one million. The establishment of the Beijing Shi granary provided a guarantee for the grain supply of the capital division. The various storehouses of the capital division in the Song Dynasty were related to the grain supply of the capital teachers and the safety of the country. As a result, they were highly valued by the rulers, and their supervisory system was also very strict. In the face of the huge pressure of military expenditure, military grain supply is the most important task of storage. In the Song Dynasty, all the storehouses of the capital division, the army storehouses, the army warehouses, and the pile-tube rice were mainly set up for the storage and transfer of military grain. The Song Dynasty was a dynasty that was more concerned about the desolation, and the construction of the barns was fruitful. In the Song Dynasty, the storehouses were opened frequently and the warehouses of righteousness were further developed. At the same time, several nationwide seed stores were created, such as Guanghui Cang, Huimin Cang, and Fengzhou-Storehouse. During the Southern Song Dynasty, The local reserve barns, represented by social warehouses, emerged one after another, infusing new vitality into the development of the barns system. In the Song Dynasty, the main national reserve granaries were formed, such as Chang-open warehouses, Yi-bin, and so on. Community warehouse and other local reserve barns for supplementary famine relief storage system. With the development of social economy, the granary system of the Song Dynasty has further developed on the basis of inheriting the previous generation, showing new changes and new characteristics. The military situation determined that warehousing was more important for military storage than for famine preparation in the overall function; the Song Dynasty attached great importance to famine management, especially the unprecedented development of local derelict warehouses; with the improvement of social productivity, the development of the commodity economy, With the increasing commercialization of grain and the closer relationship between granary and market, land annexation and polarization in Song Dynasty also played an important role in coordinating the contradiction between rich and poor. With the development of social economy and social progress, the granary also played an important role in coordinating the contradiction between the rich and the poor. The Song Dynasty warehouse relief thought also had the further development.
【学位授予单位】：首都师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K244

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