胡宏的经世致用思想

发布时间：2018-04-08 17:20

本文选题：胡宏　切入点：经世致用　出处：《重庆师范大学》2008年硕士论文

【摘要】： 近年来胡宏思想研究逐渐受到人们的关注,本文“绪论”概括介绍了研究背景、研究方法和研究意义,凹顾了学术界研究现状,并对本文的创新性进行了阐述。基于此,本课题选择了胡宏思想中最具生命力的价值文化形态---经世致用的思想特征为切入点,从以下几个方面,对胡宏经世致用思想进行系统深入的研究,即经世致用思想的哲学基础、经世致用思想在政治经济思想中的具体体现、提倡实事的为学之道、其经世致用思想对湖湘仕子产生的深远影响。第一,在当时理学已逐渐暴露其弱点,而佛老之学又使很多高明之士乐闻而喜趋之的情况下,胡宏挺立性体,为儒学的复兴和发展提供了一条崭新的思想道路,使性本论成为真正天人合一的本体论。他将性抽象化为至高无上的权威,并对性和天、道、理、心、气、物之间的关系作出一系列新的诠释,其心体性用学说从哲学上否定了空谈心性,号召士子为维护纲常伦理而致用于经济之学。胡宏的性本论为其理欲学说奠定了立论依据,他用体用一致的观点把理欲统一起来,对人欲作了肯定的论述,体现了其重务实的精神,他认为圣人、君子、凡愚的分别只是出于天性在主体的实现状况不同而已,但究其根源,他们在天性上是无差别的,从而否定了儒家的先天等级结构论,为普通民众的向善提供了理论上的依据。理欲同体异用说,从哲学上肯定了正当欲望的合理性,对士人为国家为民族建功立业的用世精神的给予鼓励和进行了哲学上的论证。之后他还提出了人生修养问题,修身不仅不能消极避世,反而应该积极事功,突出强调经世致用主体的道德性条件。修身的途径有几种:自我反省,察识涵养;穷理致知;主敬至诚。其独特的本体论,理欲观,修养论构成了开创湖湘经世致用思想的哲学基础。第二、胡宏经世致用思想在政治、经济上的体现。作为一个重视社会现实的理学家,希望能以所学匡时济世。政治改革上:他希望通过改革使南宋王朝走向正轨,实现他理想中的统治模式。他针对当时宋朝中央集权过于集中的情况,主张实行封建制;他还提倡德法并举的治国方略;他怀着强烈的的爱国主义情怀,希望能收复故土,并主张整顿军事。经济上关注民生:他要求统治者施行仁政,重民爱民;已经清醒的认识到南宋经济危机产生的根源在于土地问题,胡宏提出以井田制的方法来解决这一问题;此外,他还上书要求大兴屯田,没收天下僧尼道士的产业等开源节流的提议,这对当时处在困难中的国家和人民都有很重要的积极意义。他描绘了他心目中理想的圣人君主形象:希望统治者尊贤举能,为人才提供施展才华的舞台,要求统治者要修身正己,在“内圣外王”的基本结构中突显内圣的主导性,提高君主的道德主体意识,并用天命来对君主形成威慑。第三,在教育上,提出因民之性,导之向善的教育目的论,希望能培养一批经世致用的人才。要把自己培养成经世致用的人才,必须遵循规律,讲求方法:认为须用博学、审问、慎思、明辨,力行则不差耳。胡宏个人洁身自好,注重个人品格修养的操守也教育和影响着学生:洁身自好,安贫乐道:一身正气,敢于直谏。胡宏对教育作出了巨大贡献,他不仅是一位杰出的儒家,也是中国历史上不可多见的具有远见卓识的优秀教育家,胡宏不仅应在中国哲学思想上占有一席重要地位,亦应在中国教育发展史上占有重要地位。第四,胡宏的经世致用思想遗韵长存。“惟楚有材,于斯为盛。”宋明以来,湖湘学子中出现了一大批政治家、军事家、思想家,湖湘学子多受到湖湘文化的优良传统——经世致用之风熏染。无数的湖湘学子在国家危急时,前仆后继,联袂而起,涌现出很多影响中国社会进程的人才。岳麓诸儒善理政务,同湖湘学派经世致用风尚不无关系;以陶澍、魏源、贺长龄等为代表的前清经学主变派,虽然他们潜心学术,通经贯史,但都主张通经学古而致诸用,以经术为治术,主张积极干预政治,改革弊政;以曾国藩、左宗棠、胡林翼等为代表的晚清理学经世派,积极事功,为清代中兴的中流砥柱;以谭嗣同、唐才常、熊希龄等为代表的清末维新派也深受湖湘文化影响;流芳被泽至当代:毛泽东、彭德怀、朱昒基等同样受到湖湘文化对他们的影响或潜移默化。在这些人才的身上都体现了湖湘学派经世哲学的明显特征,这也是胡宏所提倡的经世致用的流风遗韵熏染所致。
[Abstract]:In recent years, Hu Hong's research has been attracting more and more attention. This paper introduces the research background, research methods and research significance, and focuses on the academic research.
Based on this, this paper selects the ideological characteristics of Hu thought the most vital value of culture -- practice as the starting point, from the following aspects, in-depth study on the Hu Confucian thought, the philosophical basis of Confucian thought, embodied in Ideological and political economic thought in the world. Advocate practical for the study of the Road, its deep influence on Hunan official thought.
First, at the time of science has gradually exposed its weakness, and the Buddha Lao and many gaomingzhi music smell and the trend of the hi situation, Hu Hong standing body, provides a new way of thinking for the revival and development of Confucianism, make the theory become the real harmony between man and Nature Ontology. He will abstract as the supreme authority, and on the road, and day, heart, gas, the relationship between a series of new interpretations, their body of theory from the philosophical negation of empty minds, call for scholars to maintain the ethics for the result of the economy. The Hu Hong theory has established the basis for the desire theory, his body with consistent point of view of reason and desire of people to unite in the affirmative discourse reflects its heavy pragmatic spirit, he thinks the sage, a gentleman, stupid are just out of nature in the main body of the implementation status just, but The reason is that they are no different in nature, thus negating the inherent hierarchical structure of Confucian theory, and provide a theoretical basis for the ordinary people to do good deeds. For the same reasons of differences with that from the philosophical affirmed the legitimate desire of the reasonableness of the state for national contributions of the pragmatic spirit give encouragement and a philosophical argument. He also proposed the accomplishment of life, cultivating not only the negative masquerade, but should actively work, highlighting the practical moral conditions. There are several ways of self: self reflection, detection of conservation; Poor Richard knowing; Lord King sincerity of its unique. Ontology, view of reason and desire, constitute the philosophical basis of creating thought on the cultivation of Hunan.
Second, Hu thought embodied in political, economic. Attention to the social reality as a scientist, I hope to help the people. The political reform: he hoped that through reform of the Southern Song Dynasty right to realize his ideal of the rule. He pointed to the Song Dynasty when the centralization of power is too concentrated, advocated a feudal system; he also advocated the strategy of ruling the country by law and morality; he felt a strong patriotic feelings, hoping to recover their land, and claims to reorganize the military economic livelihood. He asked the rulers benevolent purposes, heavy loving people; roots have a clear understanding of the economic crisis of the land lies in the Southern Song Dynasty the problem, Hu Hong put forward to solve the problem in the system; in addition, he also requested a letter Daxing Dynasty, seized the world's Taoist monks and nuns industry to offer, which was trapped in Have positive significance is very important to the country and the people. He described his ideal image of the saints monarchy that the rulers respected merit, to provide a stage to display their talent for talent, the rulers should be to cultivate one's morality, leading the process significantly in the "basic structure" Neisheng ", improve the monarch's moral consciousness, and the monarch with fate to form a deterrent.
Third, in education, put forward by the people, and guide to the purpose of education, to cultivate a group of statecraft talent. To cultivate themselves into practical talents, we must follow the law, emphasizes the methods that used to be learned, questioning, deliberative, discernment, power line is not bad ear. Hu Hong personal abstinence, pay attention to individual character of the conduct of training and education also affect students: abstinence, Anpinyuedao: upright, dare Zhijian. Hu made a great contribution to the education, he was not only an outstanding Confucian, is China history can not be found visionary an outstanding educator, Hu Hong not only should occupies an important position in Chinese philosophy, also occupies an important position in the history of the development of education China.
Fourth, Hu Confucian thought rhyme forever. "But clearly there is material in Sri Lanka to hold." since the song and Ming Dynasties, the emergence of a large number of politicians, Hunan students in military strategist, thinker, Hunan students by the fine tradition of Huxiang culture, style of statecraft. Hunan countless students in the state of emergency, fought. Together, the emergence of a lot of talent China social process. The Yuelu government has relations with Rushan science, Hunan school of practical fashion; Tao Shu, Wei Yuan, he Changling as the representative of the Ching Dynasty classics main faction, although they devote themselves to academic, and through history, but advocate through learning the ancient cause all for, by surgery for the treatment of surgery, advocated political intervention, reform the masses; to Zeng Guofan, Zuo Zongtang, Hu Linyi as the representative of the late Qing Confucian school, positive achievements, as the mainstay of ZTE in Qing Dynasty; Tan Sitong, Tang Cai Often, Xiong Xiling as the representative of the late Qing reformers also deeply influence of Huxiang culture; to be Ze Liufang: Mao Zedong, Peng Dehuai, the contemporary Zhu Huji, also by Hunan culture on their impact or subtle. In these professionals who are reflected by the obvious characteristics of Huxiang school life philosophy, classics which is caused by infection Hu advocated statecraft.

【学位授予单位】：重庆师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：K244

【参考文献】