清中期民众自发性流迁政策考察

发布时间：2018-04-11 19:51

本文选题：清中期 + 自发性流迁　；参考：《清史研究》2014年01期

【摘要】：清代中期,民众为寻找新的谋生之地的自发性流迁行为非常活跃。政府对此实行了区别对待政策。在东北、台湾以控制民众进入为主导,但又非实施"封禁"政策,如允许内地灾荒流民出关谋生。对那些以各种形式流入东北地界者给予其或入籍定居或宽限返乡的选择。对在台湾居住年久、有业可就者不仅可取得定居权,且允许将内地眷属搬迁过去。在南方山区,基本上采取允许棚民进入谋生的政策,当然出于治安等考虑要将其纳入保甲等管理体系中,居住年久者还可获得入籍等权益。对自发入川、出口外等地开垦的民众,清政府基本持放开政策。另外,湖北、湖南西部改土归流后的地区也允许民众按照入川方式进入谋生。清中期的这些政策,在很大程度上缓解了内地民众的谋生压力。
[Abstract]:In the middle of Qing Dynasty, people's spontaneous migration to find a new place to earn a living was very active.The government has adopted a policy of discrimination.In Northeast China, Taiwan is dominated by the control of people's entry, but it does not carry out a "ban" policy, such as allowing displaced people from the mainland to go out and make a living.Those who flow into the Northeast in various forms are given the option of naturalization or relief to return home.For those who live in Taiwan for a long time, those with jobs can not only obtain the right to settle down, but also allow the relocation of mainland family members.In the southern mountainous areas, the policy of allowing the people to enter the greenhouse to earn a living is basically adopted. Of course, due to the consideration of public order and other considerations, they should be brought into the management system such as Baojia, and those who have lived for a long time can also obtain rights and interests such as naturalization.For the people who spontaneously enter Sichuan, export and other places, the Qing government basically holds the policy of opening up.In addition, Hubei, the west of Hunan after the return of land to allow people to enter the Sichuan way to earn a living.These policies in the mid-Qing Dynasty, to a large extent, eased the pressure on the mainland people to earn a living.
【作者单位】：中国社会科学院人口与劳动经济研究所;
【分类号】：K249;C92-09

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