清代科举与官学教育的关系研究

发布时间：2018-04-12 16:44

本文选题：科举 + 官学　；参考：《厦门大学》2006年硕士论文

【摘要】： 科举作为中国古代选拔文官的政治考试制度,和中国封建社会正统的教育机构——官学之间有着不解之缘。科举和官学教育关系的本质是考试与教育的关系。因此,研究历史上它们之间演绎所留下的经验教训,对于指导当前的教育实践尤其是如何处理考试(特别是高考)与学校教育的关系,具有重要的现实意义。国内外的科举研究成果汗牛充栋,但专门对清代科举与官学教育的关系作系统研究的尚不多见。本论文主要以清代科举和官学教育的关系为专门研究对象,通过研究,从一般意义上揭示科举对官学教育的积极作用与消极影响,以及其背后存在的深层次原因,以期得出客观的结论和某些规律性的认识,为当前的教育和考试实践提供启示和借鉴。本研究认为,科举是一种获取社会稀缺资源的选拔性考试,它与水平性考试存在本质差异。科举独立于官学教育的教学过程之外,并且从内容、目标和形式等方面控制官学教育。科举和官学教育各自在目标、内容和形式上存在的差异,是二者冲突的根源。科举与官学教育的矛盾冲突,从唐代开始一直延续到清末。在科举与官学教育这对特殊的矛盾统一体中,科举是官学教育的目标,官学教育则是服务科举的手段。清代科举考试内容的窄化、固化和考试形式的僵化,以及它与官学教育内容的丰富性和目标的多样性之间矛盾的激化,是它走向消亡的根本原因。高考也是一种选拔性考试,它对教育教学有着强大的制约和导向作用。借鉴科举与官学教育的经验教训,可以为当前的“片面追求升学率”和“高考存废”等问题提供启示。
[Abstract]:As a political examination system for selecting civil servants in ancient China, the imperial examination has an inextricable relationship with the official school, the orthodox educational institution of Chinese feudal society.The essence of the relation between imperial examination and official education is the relation between examination and education.Therefore, studying the experience and lessons left between them in history is of great practical significance to guide the current educational practice, especially how to deal with the relationship between examination (especially the college entrance examination) and school education.The research achievements of imperial examination at home and abroad are abundant, but few of them have made systematic research on the relationship between imperial examination and official education in Qing Dynasty.This thesis mainly takes the relation between imperial examination and official education in Qing Dynasty as the special research object, through the research, reveals the positive function and the negative influence of the imperial examination to the official study education from the general meaning, as well as the deep level reason behind it.In order to draw the objective conclusion and some regular understanding, to provide inspiration and reference for the current education and examination practice.This study holds that the imperial examination is a kind of selective examination to obtain the scarce resources of the society, which is essentially different from the horizontal examination.The imperial examination is independent of the teaching process of official education, and controls the official education from the aspects of content, goal and form.The differences in objectives, contents and forms between imperial examination and official education are the root of their conflict.The contradiction between imperial examination and official education lasted from the Tang Dynasty to the late Qing Dynasty.In the special contradictory unity of imperial examination and official education, imperial examination is the goal of official education, and official education is the means of serving imperial examination.The narrowing, solidification and fossilization of the examination form in the Qing Dynasty and the intensification of the contradiction between it and the richness of the contents and the diversity of the objectives of the official education are the fundamental reasons for its demise.College entrance examination is also a kind of selective examination, which has a strong restriction and guidance to education and teaching.Using the experience and lessons of imperial examination and official education for reference, it can provide enlightenment for the current problems of "one-sided pursuit of promotion rate" and "the retention or abolition of college entrance examination" and so on.
【学位授予单位】：厦门大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：K249

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