丞相、皇帝与郡国计吏:两汉上计制度变迁探微

发布时间：2018-04-14 09:23

本文选题：两汉 + 郡国上计　；参考：《中国史研究》2014年04期

【摘要】：郡国上计在西汉与东汉发生一些微妙变化:西汉时,除武帝曾四次亲自受计外,并无皇帝受计与召见计吏的惯例。朝廷主计的是丞相与御史府,计吏离京前,丞相(司徒)召见计吏,并遣属吏宣读敕文。皇帝若要问询计吏或传达自己的想法,均要通过丞相、御史大夫或身边的近臣。东汉光武帝时起,计吏到京后,在向司徒、司空上计后,还要参加次年正月旦的朝贺大典,受皇帝接见,并回答皇帝提问。明帝时始还要在朝贺后参加明堂祭祀与上陵礼,上陵礼毕,才离京。计吏面见皇帝不仅应对提问,还有可能被授予官职。部分计吏还要负责转呈刺史的奏事。东汉郡国计吏京城活动的变化是光武帝强化皇权"总揽权纲",削弱三公职权的一部分,明帝承袭父政并有所增益,但不能认为皇帝与三公间的角力皇帝总是胜者。
[Abstract]:In the Western Han Dynasty and the Eastern Han Dynasty, there were some subtle changes: in the Western Han Dynasty, except for the Emperor Wu, there was no custom of the emperor being counted and summoned.The imperial master plan is the Prime Minister and the Imperial Office, before the departure of the officials, the Prime Minister (Stu) summoned the officials, and sent officials to read the letter.If the emperor wants to enquire the officials or convey his thoughts, he must pass the prime minister, the imperial doctor or the close officials around him.When Emperor Guangwu of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the officials arrived in Beijing, in the division of space after planning, but also to participate in the next year on the first day of the Korean celebration, received by the emperor, and answer the emperor's questions.Ming emperor began to participate in the Ming Chao after the ceremony and the Shangling ceremony, before leaving the capital at the end of the Mausoleum ceremony.Officials meeting the emperor not only answered questions, but also were likely to be granted official posts.Some officials are also responsible for the transmission of the history of thorns.The change of the activities of the government officials in the Eastern Han Dynasty is that Emperor Guangwu strengthens the imperial power "the outline of taking over the power", weakens part of the three official powers, and the Ming emperor inherits the father's government and gains, but it cannot be considered that the emperor is always the winner of the struggle between the emperor and the three public officials.
【作者单位】：清华大学人文学院历史系;
【基金】：教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目“秦汉六朝国家日常统治机制研究”(11YJA770015)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：K234;D691

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