晋楚霸业之争与郑国、宋国的悲剧

发布时间：2018-04-26 09:00

本文选题：晋楚争霸 + 郑国　；参考：《陕西师范大学》2006年硕士论文

【摘要】：春秋时期的郑国与宋国是处于中原地区的两个重要国家。在列国争霸成为时代主题的条件下，晋国和楚国的霸业之争最具典型性，历时最长且影响最大。两国实力相仿，长期处于僵持状态。郑国与宋国地处晋国与楚国之间，占据着非常重要的地理位置，两国的向背很大程度上决定了霸权天平的倾斜方向。所以长期以来对郑国和宋国的战争连绵不断，晋国和楚国的霸业之争集中表现在对二国的争夺上。晋楚争霸的历史造成了郑国和宋国的灾难，使郑、宋两国春秋时期的历史成为一场悲剧。前人对这个问题的研究重视不够且有所偏重，本文主要从地理原因出发论述郑国与宋国悲剧的原因及两国的对策，以说明其悲剧命运的必然。全文分这样几部分：绪论：交待有关郑宋悲剧这一事件的研究意义、研究现状及存在的不足，提出本文论述的出发点及要解决的问题；第一部分：论述晋楚争霸在春秋争霸中的重要性，通过对晋楚争霸过程的叙述指出地处中原地区的郑国和宋国是晋楚霸业相争的关键；第二步分：交待郑国和宋国在春秋时期的实力及其占据的优越的地理位置对晋楚霸业成败的重要意义，晋楚对郑、宋长期的争夺及给二国带来的尴尬被动的军事局面和沉重的贡赋负担；第三步分：分别论述郑宋二国为摆脱不利处境所采取的对策：郑国主要采取灵活的外交政策，“唯强是从”，以求在大国之间得以生存，同时希望通过内部的改革以达到富国强兵的目的；宋国基本采取较稳定的附晋抗楚的外交方针和寻求“弭兵”以达到晋楚各自息兵的夙愿。虽然采取的对策不同，但都无法改变悲剧的命运，国家日益衰弱，最终走向灭亡。第四部分：总结导致郑国与宋国悲剧的原因，除了重要的地理位置对国家的限制外，，两国之间的长期矛盾与国内贵族内部权利的纷争也是牵制其发展的重要因素；余论(结语)：指出礼法在春秋时期所起的作用及对郑国、宋国命运的影响，说明两国的悲剧也是时代所造成的，并进而指出对春秋时期中小国家进行研究的必要。春秋时期是我国历史上一个重要的变革时期。春秋时期除了我们常说的大国之外，更有众多不为人重视的中小国家的存在。长期以来，对中小国家的研究显得非常薄弱，对它们的研究有助于人们更加准确的认识当时的社会，也有助于历史研究的逐步深入。本文试图将郑国和宋国这两个具有众多相异点的国家的相似
[Abstract]:During the Spring and Autumn period, Zheng and Song were two important countries in the Central Plains. Under the condition that the countries strive for hegemony as the theme of the times, the struggle between Jin and Chu is the most typical, longest and most influential. The two countries have similar strength and have been in a stalemate for a long time. Zheng and Song were located between Jin and Chu and occupied a very important geographical position. So for a long time, the war between Zheng and Song was continuous, and the struggle for hegemony between Jin and Chu was concentrated on the competition between the two countries. The history of Jin and Chu for hegemony caused the disasters of Zheng and Song, and made the history of Zheng and Song become a tragedy. The former people pay less attention to this problem and pay more attention to it. This paper mainly discusses the causes of the tragedy of Zheng and Song states and the countermeasures of the two countries from the geographical reasons, in order to explain the necessity of their tragic fate. The full text is divided into several parts as follows: Introduction: to explain the significance of the research on the tragedy of Zheng and Song Dynasty, the current situation of the research and the shortcomings of the study, and to put forward the starting point and the problems to be solved in this paper. The first part discusses the importance of Jin Chu hegemony in the Spring and Autumn period. Through the description of Jin Chu hegemony process, it points out that Zheng and Song states, which are located in the Central Plains, are the key to the Jin and Chu hegemony competition. The second step: explain the strength of Zheng and Song Dynasty in the Spring and Autumn period and the important significance of the superior geographical position to the success or failure of Jin Chu hegemony industry, Jin Chu to Zheng, The long struggle of Song Dynasty and the awkward and passive military situation brought to the two countries and the heavy tribute burden; The third step is to discuss the countermeasures that Zheng and Song took to get rid of the disadvantage: Zheng mainly adopted a flexible foreign policy, "only strong is from" in order to survive among the big countries. At the same time, the author hopes to achieve the goal of enriching the country and strengthening the armed forces through internal reform; the Song state basically adopted a relatively stable diplomatic policy of supporting Jin and fighting against Chu and sought to "eliminate soldiers" in order to achieve the long-cherished desire of Jin and Chu to release their troops. Although the measures taken are different, they can not change the fate of tragedy. The country is weakening day by day and finally dying out. The fourth part: summing up the causes of the tragedy of Zheng and Song. Besides the limitation of the important geographical position, the long-term contradiction between the two countries and the internal disputes of the rights of the nobility in the country are also the important factors to restrain the development of the two countries. In conclusion, the author points out the role played by the etiquette law in the Spring and Autumn period and its influence on the fate of Zheng and Song states, which shows that the tragedies of the two countries are also caused by the times, and further points out the necessity of studying the small and medium-sized countries in the Spring and Autumn period. The Spring and Autumn period is an important period of change in the history of our country. The Spring and Autumn period, in addition to what we often say, there are many small and medium-sized countries. For a long time, the study of small and medium-sized countries is very weak, the study of them is helpful for people to understand the society more accurately, but also for the gradual deepening of historical research. This paper attempts to compare the similarities between the two countries, Zheng and Song, which have many different points.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：K225

【引证文献】