《两汉书》引《尚书》研究

发布时间：2018-05-01 11:20

本文选题：《尚书》 + 汉代政治　；参考：《河北师范大学》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】： 汉朝在武帝罢黜百家独尊儒术以后,儒家的经典被统治者奉为官学,《尚书》在这一思潮的推动下,开始了它的高速发展时期。期间,它的发展也是颇为曲折,是由于本来《尚书》的流传过程就是一个艰难的过程,经历了两次大火的摧残,散失较多,而且由于版本字体的不同,以及师授和解经方式不同,使后人对其的学习分成了今文《尚书》学和古文《尚书》学。在今文《尚书》中又分为今文的大夏侯学派、小夏侯学派和欧阳学派。古文《尚书》来自于孔安国整理的孔壁书,在西汉时期不曾受到重视,而是到了东汉末年才逐渐兴盛起来。不过无论今文《尚书》,还是古文《尚书》,都对汉代两朝的各个方面产生了深远的影响。当时,上到皇帝妃嫔,下到百官百姓,从朝廷上的诏书奏书,到生活中的谈心对话,《尚书》被频频引用,其中的一些篇章、词句引用频率之高更是达到了数十次之多。在皇帝和大臣的诏奏中,对《尚书》的引用无论是政治方面还是经济方面,很多情况下都利用灾异附会政治,以期达到政治上的整顿,亦或是利用灾异实现政治意图。汉代辞赋也受到了《尚书》的影响,文人利用自己所做的辞赋表达自己的政治意图,或是对当前朝政的讽谏,使汉代的辞赋在中国的文学上保持了自己本朝的鲜明特点。《尚书》成为汉代学习的热点是源于统治者的大力推崇,甚至成为了皇家的教科书,几乎每一位皇帝都接受了当时《尚书》学大师的系统的教授,都有较深的经学功底,而经学大师们在当时也享受到了极为优渥的尊崇,拥有较高的社会地位,担任太子太傅或太子少傅。这些经学大师由于几代研习《尚书》而形成世家,所授门徒之广,从而形成派别,在朝中担任重要职位,影响着汉代的政治。不过,由于《尚书》最后被分为了各家各派,他们为了使自己的学说吸引到统治者,搞出了许多繁琐的章句,使《尚书》成为派系争禄利的工具,发展逐渐走入末途,而随着东汉王朝的灭亡,也就无需再迎合统治者,《尚书》发展的高速繁荣时期就此结束。本文从史学角度研究《尚书》与汉代社会的关系,并通过与现代计算机技术相结合,力求在研究成果上更接近史实,更清晰地看到《尚书》对汉代社会各个方面的影响,以期对经学史、汉代社会的研究稍有裨益。
[Abstract]:In the Han Dynasty, after Emperor Wu ousted 100 monarchies of Confucianism, the Confucian classics were regarded as official schools. The Book of Shang Shu began its rapid development period under the impetus of this trend of thought. During this period, its development was also rather tortuous, because the process of spreading the book of Shang Shu was a difficult process. It experienced the devastation of two fires and lost a lot of money, and because of the different versions of the font, As well as the different ways of teaching reconciliation Sutra, the later generations divided their learning into the study of "Shang Shu" and the "Shang Shu" study of ancient prose. In the book of Shang Shu, there are three schools: the Great Xia Hou School, the Little Xia Hou School and the Ouyang School. The ancient prose Shang Shu came from the Confucian wall book arranged by Kong an, which was not paid attention to in the Western Han Dynasty, but gradually flourished at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty. However, whether the text of Shangshu, or the ancient style of Shangshu, had a profound impact on all aspects of the Han Dynasty and the two dynasties. At that time, from imperial concubines to imperial concubines, and from imperial edict to life dialogue, Shangshu was frequently cited, and some of the chapters were cited frequently, and the frequency of quotation of words and phrases reached more than ten times. In the imperial edict and minister's edict, the quotation of Shang Shu, whether in political or economic aspects, often uses the disaster-affiliated politics in order to achieve political rectification, or to realize political intention by using disaster differences. The Fu of the Han Dynasty was also influenced by the Book of Shang Shu. The literati used their Fu to express their political intentions, or to remonstrate the current government. So that the Han Dynasty Fu in Chinese literature to maintain their own distinctive characteristics of the dynasty. "Shang Shu" became a hot spot in the study of the Han Dynasty is due to the rulers, and even become a royal textbook. Almost every emperor accepted the system professor of the master of the Shang Shu at that time, and had a deeper foundation for the study of the classics, and the masters of the classics also enjoyed great respect and high social status at that time. To be a prince or a prince. As a result of studying the Book of Classics for several generations, these masters formed a family, and their disciples were so wide that they formed a faction and held important positions in the dynasty, which influenced the politics of the Han Dynasty. However, since the Book of the Shang was finally divided into various factions, they made many tedious chapters in order to attract their doctrines to the rulers, making the Book of the Shang become a tool for factions to fight for Lu and gain, and their development gradually went to the end. With the demise of the Eastern Han Dynasty, there was no need to pander to the rulers, and the period of rapid development ended. This paper studies the relationship between Shangshu and the society of Han Dynasty from the angle of historiography, and by combining with modern computer technology, tries to get closer to the historical facts and see clearly the influence of Shangshu on all aspects of the society of the Han Dynasty. In order to study the history of Confucian classics, the study of the society of the Han Dynasty a little benefit.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：K234

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