清初河南社会重建研究

发布时间：2018-05-03 02:17

本文选题：清初 + 社会秩序　；参考：《中国社会科学院研究生院》2009年博士论文

【摘要】： 清初社会重建是指明末社会解体后,清朝统治者在民族征服基础上对中国社会进行的整体性重构。明末的灾荒与战乱颠覆了原有的社会秩序,清朝入主中原后面临的首要任务就是恢复社会秩序,这是清初中国社会最主要、最鲜明的特点。清初社会秩序建设的中心是政治、伦理道德秩序的恢复与完善,这是清初中国社会重建的特色与本质所在。清初的中国社会重建经历了一个由乱而治、由无序到有序的动态发展过程。其政策措施是伴随着清军南下,从北方到南方,从地方到全国,逐步发展完善起来的,具有很强的地方针对性。与南方相比,明末的北方地区,特别是战略地理位置非常重要的河南,一直处于灾荒与战乱的中心,社会残破情况极为严重,社会秩序也极为混乱。清军在完成对河南的军事占领后,迅速进行了政治重构,建立起较为完整的地方行政系统、军事系统。清政府通过采取治理河工、漕运等大政要务,调整赋役制度,招徕流移垦荒等政策措施,促进了河南的经济复苏与发展。清初河南理学群体的崛起极为引人注目,以孙奇逢为首的众多理学士人的学术思想与社会实践活动,对河南的思想文化构建产生了重要的影响。清政府在地方上强化社会控制与社会保障,再塑了河南的基层社会。从史实来看,清初河南的社会重建成效显著,社会安定,经济恢复并有所发展,获得了民众的广泛认同,且整体进程相对迅速而成功,是当时全国社会重建的一个成功范例。作为较早归附的地区,清初河南成为清朝进攻江南的稳定后方,并以大量的人力物力支援了外省重建。社会重建是一项复杂而艰巨的系统工程。王朝更迭之际的社会重建是新政权对社会政治、经济、思想文化等诸多要素的重新整合,直接决定着国家的繁荣兴衰与历史走向。明清鼎革之后,清朝统治者以合法化为目标,政治重建为先导,思想文化重建为基础,经济恢复和发展为保障,经过五十余年的重建,结束了明末的动乱与凋敝,顺利地转型到相对稳定而繁荣的康乾盛世,走过了一条成功的社会重建之路。
[Abstract]:The social reconstruction in the early Qing Dynasty refers to the overall reconstruction of the Chinese society by the rulers of the Qing Dynasty on the basis of the national conquest after the disintegration of the society in the late Ming Dynasty. The famine and war in the late Ming Dynasty subverted the original social order. The first task of the Qing Dynasty after entering the Central Plains was to restore the social order, which was the most important and distinct feature of the Chinese society in the early Qing Dynasty. The center of the construction of social order in the early Qing Dynasty is the restoration and perfection of the political and ethical order, which is the characteristic and essence of the social reconstruction in the early Qing Dynasty. The reconstruction of Chinese society in the early Qing Dynasty experienced a dynamic development process from disorder to order. Its policies and measures were gradually developed and perfected with the Qing army going south, from north to south, from local to the whole country, with strong local pertinence. Compared with the south, the northern region of the late Ming Dynasty, especially Henan, which is very important in strategic geographical location, has been in the center of famine and war, the social breakdown is extremely serious, and the social order is also extremely chaotic. After completing the military occupation of Henan, the Qing army carried out political reconstruction and established a relatively complete system of local administration and military affairs. The Qing government promoted the economic recovery and development of Henan province by adopting policies and measures such as controlling river workers and water transportation, adjusting the system of taxation and labor, and soliciting the flow of land for reclamation. At the beginning of Qing Dynasty, the rise of Neo-Confucianism group in Henan Province attracted great attention. The academic thought and social practice of many science baccalaureans headed by Sun Qi had an important influence on the construction of Henan's ideology and culture. The Qing government strengthened social control and social security at the local level, remolding the grass-roots society in Henan. From the historical facts, the social reconstruction of Henan in the early Qing Dynasty achieved remarkable results, social stability, economic recovery and development, which was widely recognized by the people, and the whole process was relatively rapid and successful, which was a successful example of social reconstruction in the whole country at that time. As an early attached area, Henan became the stable rear of Qing Dynasty attacking the south of the Yangtze River, and supported the reconstruction of other provinces with a lot of manpower and material resources. Social reconstruction is a complex and arduous system engineering. The social reconstruction at the time of the change of dynasty is the re-integration of many elements such as politics, economy, ideology and culture by the new regime, which directly determines the prosperity and decline of the country and the historical trend. After the Ming and Qing dynasties, the rulers of the Qing Dynasty took legalization as the goal, political reconstruction as the guide, ideological and cultural reconstruction as the foundation, and economic recovery and development as the guarantee. After more than 50 years of reconstruction, the turmoil and depression in the late Ming Dynasty ended. Smooth transition to a relatively stable and prosperous Kang-Qian prosperous times, has gone through a successful road to social reconstruction.
【学位授予单位】：中国社会科学院研究生院
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：K249

【引证文献】