明清陕西乡村寨堡研究

发布时间：2018-05-03 23:32

本文选题：明清 + 乡村古寨堡　；参考：《西北农林科技大学》2005年硕士论文

【摘要】：全面了解明清陕西乡村社会史,除从经济、文化等层面入手研究之外,作为民间防御体系的主要构成部分的古寨堡也是不容忽视的重要一点。由于战乱频繁、动荡不安、匪盗肆虐等历史原因,陕西各地建有很多古寨堡,且在保护人们的生命财产方面起着非常重要的作用。本研究应用分析和综合研究法、比较研究法、社会调查研究法、交叉学科研究法等研究方法研究明清陕西乡村古寨堡,为了解动荡中的陕西乡村社会和当时乡民的生存状况提供一个新的视角,从而更加全面地展示明清陕西乡村社会的历史风貌。同时,通过研究乡绅在古寨堡的修筑、管理过程中的领导组织作用,初步探讨明清乡绅在基层社会中独特的作用和地位。此外,古寨堡是古代军事防御技术在民间的具体应用,对研究古代军事防御思想有一定参考价值;古寨堡在防御工事之外,体现着比较浓厚的地方文化,它的建筑形制、雕刻、绘画、碑记、甚至寨名都体现了浓厚的地方文化色彩,具有文物保护价值。本研究首先根据陕西乡村古寨堡的发展历程,从宏观上对其进行了梳理,简要概述了明以前、明末清初、清中后期三个历史阶段陕西乡村古寨堡的发展状况,清晰勾勒出明清陕西乡村古寨堡的历史发展轮廓。　本研究选取陕北、关中和陕南三个地区的典型乡村古寨堡作为明清陕西乡村古寨堡的代表,从微观层面具体剖析了三个地区乡村古寨堡的修筑原因、发展历程、特点及其功能,比较了三个地区乡村古寨堡的异同,突出了它们在修筑原因、自然条件、特点上的相似以及在地域性、历史文化背景方面的差异。　本研究在审视明清陕西乡村古寨堡修筑、管理、使用情况的基础上,探讨了明清陕西乡绅在古寨堡的修筑、管理过程中所起的倡导、筹资、组织、制定规章制度等作用,从而揭示了明清陕西乡绅在基层社会中的地位和作用;通过修筑古寨堡所需的劳动力、经费需求研究,分析了古寨堡对明清陕西农民生存状况的影响,即农民承担国家赋税、徭役之外,为了自身安全保障而承担的额外负担。　本研究在综合研究明清陕西乡村古寨堡的基础上,进一步深入研究了明清陕西乡村古寨堡修筑的基本原因;根据乡绅在修筑、管理古寨堡过程中的重要作用,分析了乡绅在国家政府控制职能强大和微弱时的不同作用,以此凸显了明清时期乡绅在基层社会中的地位和角色;并根据古寨堡自身的不同类型,阐述了陕西各地社会经济文化背景对古寨堡的不同影响。　
[Abstract]:In order to understand the rural social history of Shaanxi in Ming and Qing dynasties, apart from studying from the aspects of economy and culture, the ancient walled castle, which is the main part of the folk defense system, is also an important point that can not be ignored. Due to the frequent wars, unrest, banditry and other historical reasons, Shaanxi has built a lot of ancient fortress, and plays a very important role in protecting people's life and property. This study applies the methods of analysis and comprehensive research, comparative research, social investigation, cross-disciplinary research, etc. It provides a new angle of view to understand the rural society in Shaanxi and the living conditions of the villagers at that time, so as to show the historical features of the rural society in Ming and Qing dynasties. At the same time, through the study of the role of the squire in the construction and management of the ancient walled castle, the unique role and position of the squire in the grass-roots society in the Ming and Qing dynasties were preliminarily discussed. In addition, Guzhai Fort is the concrete application of ancient military defense technology in the folk, which has certain reference value for studying the ancient military defense thought. In addition to the fortifications, the ancient walled castle embodies a relatively strong local culture, its architectural form and sculpture. Paintings, tablets, and even village names reflect strong local cultural color, with heritage preservation value. Firstly, according to the development course of the ancient village castle in Shaanxi province, this paper makes a macroscopic analysis of it, and briefly summarizes the development situation of the ancient village castle in Shaanxi province before the Ming Dynasty, in the late Ming Dynasty and in the middle and late Qing Dynasty. A clear outline of the Ming and Qing dynasties Shaanxi village ancient walled castle historical development outline. In this study, the typical rural villages of northern Shaanxi, Guanzhong and southern Shaanxi were selected as the representative of the village ancient walled castle in Ming and Qing dynasties, and the reasons, development process, characteristics and functions of the construction of the village ancient walled castle in the three areas were analyzed from the micro level. This paper compares the similarities and differences of the ancient villages in the three areas, and highlights their differences in the construction reasons, natural conditions, characteristics and regional, historical and cultural background. On the basis of examining the construction, management and use of the ancient stockaded castle in the villages of Ming and Qing dynasties, the paper discusses the functions of advocating, raising funds, organizing and making rules and regulations in the construction and management of the ancient stockaded castle in the Ming and Qing dynasties. The paper reveals the position and function of Shaanxi squire in the grass-roots society in Ming and Qing dynasties, analyzes the influence of Guzhai Castle on the living conditions of Shaanxi peasants in Ming and Qing dynasties by studying the labor force and fund demand for the construction of Guzhai Castle, that is, the peasants bear the state tax. In addition to corvee, for their own safety and security and bear the additional burden. On the basis of a comprehensive study of the ancient villages of Shaanxi in the Ming and Qing dynasties, this study further studies the basic reasons for the construction of the ancient villages in the Ming and Qing dynasties, according to the important role played by the squire in the process of building and managing the ancient walled castles. This paper analyzes the different roles of the squire in the strong and weak control function of the state government, thus highlighting the position and role of the squire in the grass-roots society during the Ming and Qing dynasties, and according to the different types of Guzhaibao itself, This paper expounds the different influences of the social, economic and cultural background of Shaanxi on Guzhaibao.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2005
【分类号】：K248

【引证文献】