海商帝国：郑氏集团的官商关系及其起源，1625-1683

发布时间：2018-05-08 21:19

本文选题：郑氏集团 + 官商关系　；参考：《南开大学》2012年博士论文

【摘要】：15世纪末的大航海开辟了新航线，已有的区域性贸易圈被不断延伸的新航线重新整合在了一起。新联系的建立形成了真正意义上的全球市场，而市场整合使中国商品的需求扩大。面对贸易利润的增加和明朝的海禁政策，以及西方商人的武装贸易竞争，在明政府军事保护缺位的情况下，华商逐渐联合组成强大的武装海商集团。1625年兴起的郑氏集团就是其中的典型代表。1628年郑氏集团利用明清鼎革的机会，接受了明朝的招抚，从而迅速崛起，之后明朝灭亡，郑氏集团继续抗清，直至1683年。郑氏集团建立了一整套包括税收、组织和金融制度来支持商人；面对不断变化的外部环境灵活使用不同的贸易策略以保护和争取商业利益；其强大水师为这一切的实施提供了有力的保障，并在一定程度上直接参与商业利益的争取和保护。正是这一切造就了郑氏集团在远东水域的贸易主导权和制海权，并使一直锐不可当的西方国家在全球范围内的扩张遭遇重大挫折。这种官商关系与明清不积极支持商人的官商关系非常不同，，反而与当时的西方国家更为相似。郑氏集团之所以选择如此独特的官商关系，从全球的视角看，郑氏集团是全球经济建立所带来的利润增加效应下产生的商人集团，商人是其最本质的特征，因而积极参与对外贸易并支持商人以获得贸易利润是理所当然的；从地区的视角看明末清初的政局变动在明亡之前为郑氏集团利用公权力支持商人提供了可能，而在明亡之后使郑氏集团面临巨大的生存压力。再加上闽南的地理环境和郑氏集团自身反清复明的政治理想所带来的生存压力。郑氏集团为了缓解军事和财政压力，选择了对商人提供保护和支持。
[Abstract]:At the end of the 15 th century, navigation opened up new routes, and the existing regional trading circle was reintegrated with new and expanding routes. The establishment of new links has created a truly global market, and market integration has expanded the demand for Chinese goods. Faced with the increase in trade profits and the maritime ban policy of the Ming Dynasty, as well as the armed trade competition of Western businessmen, under the circumstances of the absence of military protection by the Ming government, The Chinese merchants gradually United to form a powerful armed maritime business group. The Zheng family group, which rose in 1625, was a typical representative. In 1628, the Zheng family group took advantage of the opportunity of the Ming and Qing dynasties and received the stroke of the Ming Dynasty, so it rose rapidly, and then the Ming Dynasty died. Zheng's Group continued to resist the Qing Dynasty until 1683. Zheng Group established a set of tax, organization and financial systems to support businessmen, flexible use of different trade strategies to protect and strive for business interests in the changing external environment. Its powerful watermen provide a strong guarantee for the implementation of this, and to some extent directly participate in the commercial interests of the fight and protection. It was all this that led to Zheng's dominance of trade and sea control in the waters of the far East, and caused a major setback to the expansion of the irresistible Western countries around the world. This kind of official-business relationship is very different from that of the Ming and Qing dynasties, which did not support the merchants actively, but more similar to the western countries at that time. From the global point of view, Zheng's Group is a merchant group which is produced by the profit increase effect brought about by the establishment of the global economy, and the businessman is its most essential characteristic. Therefore, it is natural to take an active part in foreign trade and support businessmen in order to obtain trade profits. From a regional perspective, the political changes in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties provided the possibility for the Zheng family group to use its public power to support businessmen before the Ming Dynasty fell. And in Ming Dynasty after the death of Zheng Group faced with great pressure to survive. In addition, the geographical environment of Minnan and the survival pressure brought by Zheng's own political ideal of anti-Qing and Ming dynasty. In order to ease the military and financial pressure, the Zheng Group chose to provide protection and support to businessmen.
【学位授予单位】：南开大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F752.9;K248

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