清代的学术与传记

发布时间：2018-05-13 08:40

本文选题：清代 + 文体　；参考：《南京大学》2011年博士论文

【摘要】：本文旨在梳理清代学人的学术与传记之间的关联。之所以将研究的时限选定在清代,是因为清代学术史、文学史的研究,既是一种断代史的研究,又包含通史研究的成分。以清代为背景的学术与传记研究,可以在考察传记文体历史沿革同时,对清代学人学术背景与传记文体取舍之间内在联系有更深刻的认识。本文将清代学术与传记的研究限定于“传记与学术史”、“传记与文学”、“传记与历史文献”三个领域。研究过程中,本文发现传记文体与学人学术密切联系的现象：学术史传记编撰中,理学家多用学案体、经学家则多用儒林传体；传记创作中,古文家以碑铭体传记居多、史学家则偏于史传体。以此为基础,本文将文体的研究与学术史研究相结合,考察清人围绕不同传记文体、不同传记编纂思路的论争与清代不同学术思潮的渊源关系。具体论述中主要分为两部分：其一,学案与儒林之争。清代在出现黄宗羲《明儒学案》这一具有标志意义的学案著作同时,汉学家也借助《史》、《汉》《儒林传》,构建经学家的传记体例。从清代学案与儒林传的著录情况,我们可以发掘出清代程朱、陆王、汉学三个学术派别在清代影响力此消彼长的过程；了解经学与儒林传体、理学与学案的关联,有助于我们更深入地理解清代乾嘉以后学者撰写学案、儒林传的学术动机。其二,碑铭与史传文之争。清代考据学兴起,史传文得到了长足发展,“据事直书”的传记理论深入人心。与此同时,传统碑铭传记的创作受到了史学家的批判。方苞以“义法说”为依据,提出“常事不书”的传记写作标准,延续碑铭文自古以来传统与特征。清末刘师培在扬州学派文史观中,逐渐对碑铭与史传之间的差异又有了更明晰的认识,提出“传实碑虚”的主张。本文即围绕上述问题展开研究,全文共有五部分：绪论部分：论述本文选题意义、研究方法、研究现状。第一章经学与儒林传：旨在讨论汉学兴起过程中,《史》、《汉》儒林传对清代汉学学派构建的作用,清代汉学家对《儒林传》影响的不断加强的过程,以及经学家儒林传体传记的诞生及其影响。第二章理学与学案：侧重于梳理学案与理学的渊源。乾嘉以前的学案已有较多研究成果,本章重点探讨乾嘉以后唐鉴《学案小识》、钱穆《清儒学案》、刘师培《近儒学案》三部学案与当时学术思潮的关联,论述学案与经学不能融合的根源,以及刘师培等经学家撰写学案体的原因。第三章古文理论与碑铭传记：主要论述碑铭传记的渊源与特征,方苞“义法说”与碑铭传统之间的关系,以及“义法说”推衍出的“常事不书”理论对碑铭文发展的意义。第四章史学与史传：介绍以钱大昕为代表的考史派继承明末清初以来实证之风,提倡“据事直书”的传记理论,以及此后章学诚在继承这一理论同时,结合方志编纂,在人物传记材料收集整理方面新的主张与实践。扬州学派继承了浙东学派的史学观,但在文学观上,扬州学派热衷于骈文创作,阮元欲以“文笔”立骈文正宗,刘师培受这种文史观影响,厘清了古文运动以来,碑传往往概念模糊不分的现象,提出“传实碑虚”的区分标准。本课题主要采用文史哲综合研究的方法,将传记文献对读、文章学文体学理论梳理与学术变革、学术思想演进的研究相结合,以期有所发现。
[Abstract]:The purpose of this paper is to comb the association between the academic and biography of the scholars in the Qing Dynasty. The reason why the time limit was chosen in the Qing Dynasty is because the academic history of the Qing Dynasty and the study of the history of literature are both a study of the history of the Qing Dynasty and the composition of the study of the history of the Qing Dynasty. In this article, the study of the academic and biography of the Qing Dynasty is limited to the three fields of "biography and academic history", "biography and literature", "biography and historical literature". Phenomenon: in the compilation of biography of academic history, there are many scholars in the study of case and Confucian classics by Confucian scholars. In biographies, biographies of ancient prose are mostly biographies of inscriptions, and historians are biased in history. Based on this, this paper combines the study of stylistic and academic history, and examines the ideas of the Qing people around different biographical styles and biographies. The debate and the origin of different academic trends of thought in the Qing Dynasty are divided into two parts: first, the dispute between the school and the Confucian school. At the same time, in the Qing Dynasty, the Qing Dynasty appeared in the Ming Confucianism and the case of the case of the case of the case. At the same time, the Han scholars also constructed the biographies of the Confucian classics and Confucianism. In the description of Lin's biography, we can find out the process of the Qing Dynasty's influence on Cheng Zhu, Lu Wang and Sinology in the Qing Dynasty. To understand the relationship between Confucian classics and Confucianism, Confucianism and school cases, it is helpful for us to understand the academic records of the scholars and the academic motives of Confucianism in the Qing Dynasty after Qianlong and Jiaqing. Secondly, the inscription and the historical biography of the three scholars in the Qing Dynasty At the same time, the creation of the biography of traditional inscriptions was criticized by historians. Fang Bao, based on the "theory of justice", proposed that the biography of "no book" was written as a standard, and continued the tradition and characteristics of the inscriptions on the inscriptions of the monuments since ancient times. In the late Qing Dynasty, Liu Shipei, in the literary and history view of the Yangzhou school, gradually had a clearer understanding of the difference between the inscription and the historical biography, and put forward the proposition of "the virtual monument". This article has been studied around the above problems. The full text has five parts: the introduction part: the significance of the topic, the method of research, the present situation of the study. Zhuan: the purpose of this study is to discuss the role of the history of Sinology in the process of the rise of Sinology, the role of the Chinese Confucian School of Confucianism in the Qing Dynasty, the continuous strengthening process of the influence of the Sinologists in the Qing Dynasty, and the birth and influence of the biographies of Confucian Confucian biographies. The second chapters of science and study: the origin of the study and science. There have been more research results in the case. This chapter focuses on the discussion of the Tang Jian's small knowledge in Tang Jian after Qianjia, Qian Muwei < Qing Confucianism and learning case >, Liu Shipei < close Confucianism and learning case > three cases and the academic trend of thought at that time. It also discusses the origin of the integration of school cases and classics, as well as the reasons for Liu Shipei and other scholars to write the case. The third chapter of ancient literature theory and inscription biography This paper mainly discusses the origin and characteristics of the biography of the inscription, the relationship between the "Yi law theory" and the inscription tradition, and the significance of the development of the inscription on the inscription of the monument. Fourth chapters of history and History: the introduction of the history school represented by Qian Daxin to inherit the wind of demonstration since the late Ming and the early Qing Dynasty. The biography theory of "Shi Zhi Shu", and after Zhang Xuecheng inherited the theory, combined with the compilation of local chronicles, the new ideas and practice in the collection and arrangement of the biographical materials. The Yangzhou school inherited the view of the East Zhejiang School of history, but in the literary view, the Yangzhou school was keen on the writing of parallel prose. Under the influence of this literary and historical view, Shi Pei has clarified the phenomenon that the concept of monument is often vague and indistinct since the ancient literary movement, and puts forward the distinction standard of "real monument deficiency". This subject mainly adopts the method of comprehensive study of literary history and philosophy, which combines the biography literature to reading, the theory of stylistics and academic change, and the research of the evolution of academic thought. The period has been found.

【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：I206.2;K249

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